琼脂被广泛用作便秘的治疗方法 Agar-Agar is widely used as a treatment for constipation, but is 通常 通常 usually 受雇 employed with cascara Cascara 什么时候 when at Atony atony of the 肠 intestinal 肌肉 muscles is 当下 present. it It does does not 增加 increase 蠕动的 peristaltic action. its it Its 治疗的 therapeutic value 依靠 depends on the 能力 ability of the 干燥 dry Agar to 吸收 absorb and 保留 retain 湿气 moisture. its it Its action is, 机械的，类似于蔬菜食品的纤维素 mechanical and analogous to that of the cellulose of vegetable foods, 协助 aiding the 规律性 regularity of the 肠 bowel 动作 movements. it It is 有时 sometimes 用过的 used as an 掺假 adulterant of jams and 果冻 jellies. 半乳糖单元的复合物硫酸盐化聚合物 a complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, 提取自软骨素 extracted from gelidium cartilagineum, cil草 gracilaria confervoides, 和相关的红藻。在制备固体微生物培养基时用作凝胶 and related red algae. it is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, 作为散装泻药 as a bulk laxative, 在制造乳液 in making emulsions, 并作为免疫扩散和免疫电泳的支持介质。重要的增稠剂 and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. An important thickener, 食品工业中的稳定剂和胶凝剂 stabiliser and gelling agent in the food industry 琼脂由琼脂糖和琼脂果胶的混合物组成。琼脂糖是线性聚合物 Agar consists of a mixture of agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is a linear polymer, 分子量约120 of molecular weight about 120,000, 基于-（1-＞ 3）-β-d-吡喃半乳糖-（1-＞ 4）-3 based on the -(1->3)-?-D-galactopyranose-(1->4)-3,6-脱水-β-1-吡喃半乳糖单位 6-anhydro-?-L-galactopyranose unit, 与角叉菜胶的主要区别在于l-3的存在 the major differences from carrageenans being the presence of L-3,6-脱水-β-吡喃半乳糖而不是d-3 6-anhydro-?-galactopyranose rather than D-3,6-脱水-β-吡喃半乳糖单位和缺乏硫酸根基团。琼脂果胶是较小分子的异质混合物，其数量较少。它们的结构相似，但略有分支和硫酸化 6-anhydro-?-galactopyranose units and the lack of sulfate groups. Agaropectin is a heterogeneous mixture of smaller molecules that occur in lesser amounts. Their structures are similar but slightly branched and sulfated, aquaspersabil rio biogenic magicolor-103r c.i. 77491 ci 77491氧化铁氧化铁氧化铁无水氧化铁倍半氧化铁（3+）;氧气（2-）;水合物铁（iii）氧化o石oleosperse力拓颜料红101颜料红102红AFP-18K Sympho光 light RW ,6-脱水-1-半乳糖。琼脂是两类多糖的异质混合物 6-anhydro-L-galactose.; Agar is a heterogeneous mixture of two classes of polysaccharide: 琼脂果胶和琼脂糖。尽管两种多糖类共享相同的基于半乳糖的骨架 agaropectin and agarose. Although both polysaccharide classes share the same galactose-based backbone, 琼脂果糖被酸性侧基严重修饰 agaropectin is heavily modified with acidic side-groups, 如硫酸盐和丙酮酸盐。琼脂糖的中性电荷和较低的化学复合物性使其与生物分子相互作用的可能性降低 such as sulfate and pyruvate. The neutral charge and lower degree of chemical complexity of agarose make it less likely to interact with biomolecules, 例如蛋白质。由纯化的琼脂糖制成的凝胶具有相对较大的孔径 such as proteins. Gels made from purified agarose have a relatively large pore size, 使它们可用于大分子的尺寸分离 making them useful for size-separation of large molecules, 例如蛋白质或蛋白质复合物＆gt; 200千道尔顿 such as proteins or protein complexes >200 kilodaltons, 导致鸟氨酸在细胞质中积累，清除氨甲酰磷酸盐和氨的能力降低。 （omim 838970）；鸟氨酸是在尿素循环中通过从精氨酸中分离出尿素而产生的氨基酸。它是尿素循环的核心部分 or DNA fragments >100 basepairs. Agarose can be used for electrophoretic separation in agarose gel electrophoresis or for column-based gel filtration chromatography.; Agar or agar agar is a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed. Historically and in a modern context, 它主要用作整个日本甜点的原料 it is chiefly used as an ingredient in desserts throughout Japan, 但是在过去的一个世纪中，已广泛地用作固体基质，以包含用于微生物工作的培养基。胶凝剂是从某些种类的红藻细胞壁获得的无支链多糖 but in the past century has found extensive use as a solid substrate to contain culture medium for microbiological work. The gelling agent is an unbranched polysaccharide obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae, 主要来自明胶和禾本科 primarily from the genera Gelidium and Gracilaria, 或紫菜（球菌euchema euchema）。商业上，它主要衍生自白头翁。琼脂是一种天然植物明胶，最初在日本食用。白和半透明 , 它以洗涤和干燥后的条状或粉末状包装出售。它可以用来制作果冻 it is sold in packages as washed and dried strips or in powdered form. It can be used to make jellies, 布丁和蛋c。制作果冻 puddings and custards. For making jelly, 将其在水中煮沸直至固体溶解。然后添加甜味剂 it is boiled in water until the solids dissolve. One then adds sweetener, 调味料 seasonings / flavors, 染色 colouring, 水果或蔬菜 fruit or vegetables, 并将液体倒入模具中作为甜品和蔬菜冻 and pours the liquid into molds to be served as desserts and vegetable aspics, 或与其他甜点搭配 or incorporated with other desserts, 例如蛋糕上的果冻层。琼脂是大约80％的纤维 such as a jelly layer on a cake.; Agar-agar is approximately 80% fiber, 因此它可以作为很好的肠道调节剂。它的散装品质是亚洲最新的时尚饮食之一 so it can serve as a great intestinal regulator. Its bulk quality is behind one of the latest fad diets in Asia, 看板饮食。一旦摄取 the kanten diet. Once ingested, 坎滕 kanten的大小增加三倍并吸收水。这导致消费者感觉更饱。最近，这种饮食在美国也受到了一些媒体的报道。饮食在肥胖研究中显示出希望。化学地 , agar is a 聚合物 polymer 制作 made up of 亚单位 sub单位 单元 units of the 糖 sugar 半乳糖 galactose. Agar 多糖 多糖 polysaccharides serve as the 主 primary 结构的 structural 支持 support for the 海藻 藻类 algae's 细胞 cell 墙 walls.; The 字 word "agar" 来了 comes from the 马来语 Malay 字 word agar-agar (含义 meaning jelly). it It is 也 also known as 坎滕 kanten, 中国草 China grass, 或日本水杯。源自琼脂的各种藻类或海藻有时也称为锡兰苔藓。禾本科苔藓样苔藓特别被称为琼脂-琼脂或锡兰琼脂。 or Japanese isinglass. The various species of alga or seaweed from which agar is derived are sometimes called Ceylon moss. Gracilaria lichenoides specifically is referred to as agal-agal or Ceylon agar.