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类别 Category:special dietary and nutritional additives
美国 US/欧盟 EU/ fda / jecfa / fema / Flavis / 文献 Scholar /专利 Patent :
物理性质 Physical Properties:
| 出现 Appearance: | 白结晶性粉末（est） white crystalline powder (est) |
| 化验 Assay: | 95.00至100.00 95.00 to 100.00
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| 食品化学品法典列表 Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| 熔点 Melting Point: | 156.00 to 158.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm 汞 Hg
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| 沸点 Boiling Point: | 213.00 to 214.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm 汞 Hg (est)
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| 蒸汽压力 Vapor Pressure: | 0.000000 毫米汞柱 mm汞 Hg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| 闪点 Flash Point: | 412.00 °F. tcc TCC ( 211.20 °C. ) (est)
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| logp（o / w） logP (o/w): | -0.268（est） -0.268 (est) |
| 溶于 Soluble in: |
| | 水 water, 184 部分 部分 parts in 水 water at 24C | | | 水 water, 7.446e+004 mg/L @ 25 ＆deg °C (est) | | | 水 water, 25°C（实验）时为7.44e + 04 mg / l 7.44E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
感官特性 Organoleptic Properties:
| 气味强度 Odor Strength:没有 none |
| 气味描述 Odor Description:at 100.00 %. 无味的 odorless |
| 来自其他 的气味和/或风味描述（如果找到）。 Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
化妆品信息 Cosmetic Information:
供应商 Suppliers:
安全信息 Safety Information:
| 首选SDS Preferred SDS: 视图 View |
| 欧洲信息 European information : |
| 最重要的危害 Most important hazard(s): | | 无-找不到。 None - None found. |
S 02 - 保持 k Keep out of the 达到 reach of 孩子们 children.
S 22 - do Do not 呼吸 breath dust.
S 24/25 - 避免 Avoid contact with skin and 眼睛 eyes.
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| 危害识别 Hazards identification |
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| 物质或混合物的分类 Classification of the substance or mixture |
| 根据29 cfr 1910（osha hcs）进行ghs分类 GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| ghs标签元素 GHS Label elements, 包括预防性声明 including precautionary statements |
| |
| 象形图 Pictogram | |
| |
| 危险说明 Hazard statement(s) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| 防范说明 Precautionary statement(s) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| 口服/肠胃外毒性 Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
未定 Not determined
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| 皮肤毒性 Dermal Toxicity: |
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未定 Not determined
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| 吸入毒性 Inhalation Toxicity: |
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未定 Not determined
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使用安全信息 Safety in Use Information:
| 类别 Category: | | special dietary and nutritional additives |
| dextro推荐 Recommendation for dextro,laevo-缬氨酸使用水平高达 laevo-valine usage levels up to: | | | 不用于香水。 not for fragrance use.
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| 最大化源自调查的每日摄入量（msdi-eu） Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 35.00（微克/ 均/天） 35.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| 采用 Use 等级 levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring 物质 substances on 哪一个 which the FEMA 专家 Expert 面板 Panel 基于 based its its 判断 judgments that the 物质 substances are 通常 generally 公认的 recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The 专家 Expert 面板 Panel 也 also 发表 publishes 分离 sepa鼠 rate 广泛 extensive 评论 reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring 物质 substances and can be 发现 found at FEMA 味道 Flavor Ingredient 图书馆 Library |
| 出版编号 publication number: 8.更新出版物号 8. Update in publication number(s): 13 |
| 点击这里查看出版物8 Click here to view publication 8 |
| | 平均 average 通常 usual 百万分之几 ppm | 平均 average 最大 maximum 百万分之几 ppm |
| 焙烤食品 baked goods: | - | 300.00000 |
| 饮料（不含醇） beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 15.00000 |
| 醇饮料 beverages(alcoholic): | - | 0.90000 |
| 早餐麦片 breakfast cereal: | - | 0.90000 |
| 起司 cheese: | - | - |
| 口香糖 chewing gum: | - | 200.00000 |
| 调味品/调味品 condiments / relishes: | - | 300.00000 |
| 糖果烧烤 confectionery froastings: | - | 300.00000 |
| 蛋制品 egg products: | - | - |
| 脂肪/油 fats / oils: | - | - |
| 鱼产品 fish products: | - | - |
| 冷冻乳制品 frozen dairy: | - | 40.00000 |
| 水果冰 fruit ices: | - | 40.00000 |
| 明胶/布丁 gelatins / puddings: | - | 80.00000 |
| 砂糖 granulated sugar: | - | - |
| 肉汁 gravies: | - | - |
| 硬糖 hard candy: | - | - |
| 仿乳制品 imitation dairy: | - | - |
| 速溶咖啡/茶 instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| 果酱/果冻 jams / jellies: | - | - |
| 肉制品 meat products: | - | 300.00000 |
| 奶制品 milk products: | - | 40.00000 |
| 坚果产品 nut products: | - | - |
| 其他谷物 other grains: | - | - |
| 家禽 poultry: | - | - |
| 加工水果 processed fruits: | - | - |
| 加工蔬菜 processed vegetables: | - | - |
| 重构蔬菜 reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| 调味料 seasonings / flavors: | - | 300.00000 |
| 休闲食品 snack foods: | - | - |
| 软糖 soft candy: | - | - |
| 汤类 soups: | - | - |
| 糖替代品 sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| 甜酱 sweet sauces: | - | - |
安全参考 Safety references:
欧洲食品安全法规（efsa） European Food Safety Athority(efsa):风味使用水平；亚急性 Flavor usage levels; Subacute, 亚慢性 Subchronic, 慢性和致癌性研究；发育/ 毒性研究；遗传毒性研究... Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
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欧洲食品安全局（efsa EFSA）参考 :
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化学组中的氨基酸34调味组评估26 Amino acids from chemical group 34 Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, 修订1-食品添加剂小组的科学意见 Revision 1 - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, 调味料 seasonings / flavors, 处理中 Processing 艾滋病 Aids and 材料 Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
视图 View page or 视图 View pdf
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调味组评估29（fge29）[1]-优先列表中的物质 Flavouring Group Evaluation 29 (FGE29)[1] - Substance from the priority list: 化学组31中的乙烯基苯-食品添加剂专家组的科学意见 Vinylbenzene from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, 调味料 seasonings / flavors, 处理中 Processing 艾滋病 Aids and 材料 Materials in 联系 Contact with Food (AFC)
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调味组评估79 Flavouring Group Evaluation 79, (ge FGE.79)[1] - 考虑 Conside比 鼠 ration of 氨基 amino acids acids and 有关 related 物质 substances 已评估 evaluated by by JECFA (63rd 会议 遇到 meeting) 结构上 结构的 structurally 有关 related to 氨基 amino acids acids from chemical group 34 已评估 evaluated by by efsa EFSA in ge FGE.26Rev1 (2008)
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efsa EFSA关于授权酸盐风险评估的科学报告 , 酚类 phenols or 酒类 alcohols for use in food contact 材料 materials [1]
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科学的 Scientific 意见 Opinion on the safety and 功效 efficacy of the use of 氨基 amino acids acids (chemical group 34) 什么时候 when 用过的 used as 调味料 flavourings for all animal species
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调味品组评价的科学见解49 Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, 版本1（fge.49rev1） Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): 黄嘌呤 xan瘦 thine 生物碱 alkaloids from the 优先 priority list
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| Epi系统 EPI System: 视图 View |
| 化学致癌研究信息系统 Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:搜索 Search |
| 环境诱变信息中央 Env. Mutagen Info. Center:搜索 Search |
| 橙花发育和 毒性 NLM Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity:搜索 Search |
| EPA物质注册服务（tsca TSCA） :516-06-3 |
| EPA ACToR:毒理学资料 Toxicology Data |
| EPA物质注册服务（srs Srs RS） :注册表 Registry |
| 实验室化学安全摘要 Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :1182 |
| 国家过敏和传染病研究所 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:数据 Data |
| 德国wgk WGK Germany:1 |
| 2-氨基-3-甲基丁酸 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid |
| chemidplus Chemidplus:0000516063 |
参考资料 References:
| | 2-氨基-3-甲基丁酸 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid |
| NIST化学网络书籍 NIST Chemistry WebBook: | 搜索INCHI |
| 加拿大国内分公司。清单 Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 516-06-3 |
| pubchem（cid） Pubchem (cid): | 1182 |
| pubchem（sid） Pubchem (sid): | 134975915 |
其他资料 Other Information:
潜在搅拌机 Potential Blenders and core components note
潜在用途 Potential Uses:
存在（自然 Occurrence (nature, food, 其他） other): note
同义词 Synonyms:
| a- | 氨基 amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxoisoxazolepropionic acid | | 2- | 氨基 amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)-丙酸 -propionic acid | | 2- | 氨基 amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-丙酸 -propionic acid | | (R,S)-2- | 氨基 amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid | | 2- | 氨基 amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid | | 2- | 氨基 amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid | | 2- | 氨基 amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo(2-hydroisoxazol-4-yl))propanoic acid | | (rs RS)-a- | 氨基 amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | | a- | 氨基 amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | | DL-a- | 氨基 amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-丙酸 -propionic acid | | dextro,laevo-2- | 氨基 amino-3-methyl butanoic acid | | dextro,laevo-2- | 氨基 amino-3-methyl butyric acid | | 2- | 氨基 amino-3-methylbutanoic acid | | DL-2- | 氨基 amino-3-methylbutanoic acid | | DL-2- | 氨基 amino-3-methylbutyric acid | | DL-α alpha- | 氨基 aminoisovaleric acid | | dextro,laevo-α alpha- | 氨基 aminoisovaleric acid | | 2- | ammonio-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoate | | (R,S)- | 安帕 AMPA | | (rs RS)- | 安帕 AMPA | | | 安帕 AMPA (rs RS)- | | 3-(3- | hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)alanine | | 3-(5- | methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)alanine | | DL-2-iso | propyl glycine | | dextro,laevo-2-iso | propyl glycine | | DL- | valine | | 4-iso | xazolepropanoic acid, 氨基2 a-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo- | | 4-iso | xazolepropanoic acid, α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基- a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl- |
文章 Articles:
| 已发布 PubMed:疏水性氨基酸晶体中的分子间振动 Intermolecular vibrations in hydrophobic amino acid crystals: 实验和计算。 experiments and calculations. |
| 已发布 PubMed:开发蛋白质涂层微晶（pcmc）的中试规模生产工艺 Development of a pilot-scale manufacturing process for protein-coated microcrystals (PCMC): 混合和沉淀-第一部分 mixing and precipitation - part I. |
| 已发布 PubMed:偶极起源于氨基酸表面的水蚀刻。 Dipolar origin of water etching of amino acid surfaces. |
| 已发布 PubMed:2₄-sema作为敏感且经补偿的slf序列。 2₄-SEMA as a sensitive and offset compensated SLF sequence. |
| 已发布 PubMed:多核锰氨基酸配合物。 Polynuclear manganese amino acid complexes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:第一个氨基酸锰簇 The first amino acid manganese cluster: [mn（iv）2mn（iii）3] dl-缬氨酸笼。 a [Mn(IV)2Mn(III)3] DL-valine cage. |
| 已发布 PubMed:非离子表面活性剂修饰的配体交换色谱，使用n的铜（ii）配合物 Non-ionic surfactant modified ligand exchange chromatography using copper (II) complex of N,n-二甲基-1-苯丙氨酸作为手性添加剂，用于对映选择性氨基酸分离。 N-dimethyl-L-phenylalanine as the chiral additive for enantioselective amino acids separation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氨基酸对地衣芽孢杆菌kbr6鞣酸酶生物合成的影响 Effect of amino acids on tannase biosynthesis by Bacillus licheniformis KBR6. |
| 已发布 PubMed:亚胺二乙酸铬（iii）配合物的内球氧化反应，其中以dl-缬氨酸和1-精氨酸为次级配体。高碘酸盐氧化三亚氨基二乙酸铬-（iii）配合物的等动力学关系。 Inner-sphere oxidation of ternary iminodiacetatochromium(III) complexes involving DL-valine and L-arginine as secondary ligands. Isokinetic relationship for the oxidation of ternary iminodiacetato-chromium(III) complexes by periodate. |
| 已发布 PubMed:同手性序列的寡肽和多肽 Oligopeptides and copeptides of homochiral sequence, 通过测试表 via beta-sheets, 来自外消旋α-氨基酸混合物 from mixtures of racemic alpha-amino acids, 在水中一锅反应；与生物手性发生有关。 in a one-pot reaction in water; relevance to biochirogenesis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:绿藻石莼/孔石莼博德特氏菌腺苷酸环化酶毒素作为蛋白包被的微晶。 Formulation of the adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis as protein-coated microcrystals. |
| 已发布 PubMed:308.15 k在醋酸钠水溶液中某些α-氨基酸部分摩尔体积。 Partial molar volumes of some alpha-amino acids in aqueous sodium acetate solutions at 308.15 K. |
| 已发布 PubMed:dl-缬氨酸dl-valinium和dl-蛋氨酸dl-methioninium苦味酸盐的振动光谱分析。 Vibrational spectral analysis of DL-valine DL-valinium and DL-methionine DL-methioninium picrates. |
| 已发布 PubMed:自消旋二元铜（ii）与外消旋二肽配合物 Spontaneous resolution of binary copper(II) complexes with racemic dipeptides: 缩水甘油基-1-α-氨基-正丁酰铜（ii）一水合物的晶体结构 crystal structures of glycyl-L-alpha-amino-n-butyrato copper(II) monohydrate, 甘氨酰-d-缬氨酸铜（ii）半水合物 glycyl-D-valinato copper(II) hemihydrate, 和缩水甘油基-1-缬氨酸生成半水合铜（ii）。 and glycyl-L-valinato copper(II) hemihydrate. |
| 已发布 PubMed:粘细菌抗生素的生物合成研究 Biosynthetic studies on a myxobacterial antibiotic, 巯基噻唑 cystothiazole A: 碳骨架的生物合成前体。 biosynthetic precursors of the carbon skeleton. |
| 已发布 PubMed:水-乙酸钠混合物中某些α-氨基酸及其基团的粘度行为 Viscosity behavior of some alpha-amino acids and their groups in water-sodium acetate mixtures. |
| 已发布 PubMed:影响 Effect of 氨基 amino acids acids and 维他命 维他命 vitamins on 漆酶 laccase 生产 production by by the bird's 巢 nest 菌 fungus cyathus Cyathus bulleri bulleri. |
| 已发布 PubMed: stachybotrys sp。的新型水苏蛋白 stachyflin衍生物。射频7260。发酵 , 隔离 isolation, 结构阐明和生物活性。 structure elucidation and biological activities. |
| 已发布 PubMed:二恶烷-水混合物中铜（ii）与某些α-氨基酸配合物的稳定常数。 The stability constants of copper(II) complexes with some alpha-amino acids in dioxan-water mixtures. |
| 已发布 PubMed:对尿素水溶液中某些α-氨基酸粘度特性的影响 Effect of temperature on viscosity properties of some alpha-amino acids in aqueous urea solutions. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 在快速魔角旋转下进行一维和二维13c-1h / 15n-1h偶极相关实验以确定肽的二面角披 phi。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:使用制药工业废料作为手性浸渍剂的直接薄层色谱对映体，对一些碱性dl-氨基酸进行拆分。 Direct thin layer chromatography enantioresolution of some basic DL-amino acids using a pharmaceutical industry waste as chiral impregnating reagent. |
| 已发布 PubMed:研究二恶烷-水混合物中质子化常数和α-氨基酸溶剂化。 Studies on the protonation constants and solvation of alpha-amino acids in dioxan-water mixtures. |
| 已发布 PubMed:羟基自由基诱导的氨基酸碳氢键中的氢/氘交换。 Hydroxyl radical-induced hydrogen/deuterium exchange in amino acid carbon-hydrogen bonds. |
| 已发布 PubMed:水溶液中二肽与二甲亚砜复合形成的热力学和光谱学研究 [Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study of complex formation of dipeptides with dimethyl sulfoxide in their aqueous solutions]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:异烟酸新氨基酸衍生物的促橙花和促心脏特性 [The neurotropic and cardiotropic properties of new amino acid derivatives of isonicotinic acid]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:ö对某些生物in复合物的莫斯鲍尔效应研究。 Mössbauer effect studies on some bioinorganic complexes of europium. |
| 已发布 PubMed:研究与正酰基氨基酸和正苄氧羰基二肽偶联相关的不对称诱导。 Studies on asymmetric induction associated with the coupling of N-acylamino acids and N-benzyloxycarbonyldipeptides. |
| 已发布 PubMed:喹(+)-香柏酮在组织溶酶阿米巴200h上诱导的生化和超微结构研究。 Biochemical and ultrastructural studies induced by phanquone on Entamoeba histolytica NIH-200. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 蛋白和核糖核酸 RNA合成对抗溶性阿米巴组织溶性阿米巴（nih-200）药物的敏感性。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:[关于铜（ii）配合物稳定性的研究 [Studies on the stability of complexes of Cu(II), ni（ii） Ni(II), zn（ii）和co（ii）与dl-丙氨酸和dl-缬氨酸]。 Zn(II) and Co(II) with DL-alanine and DL-valine]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:蛋白和核糖核酸合成对溶血性肠溶性阿美替尼的敏感性。 Sensitivity of protein and RNA synthesis to emetine in axenic Entamoeba histolytica. |
| 已发布 PubMed:零度以下温度下肌红蛋白晶体和溶液中水的热性质。 Thermal properties of water in myoglobin crystals and solutions at subzero temperatures. |
| 已发布 PubMed:分子进化模型。 2.借助于氰胺和碳二亚胺合成的二肽的立体特异性。 Models of molecular evolution. 2. Stereospecificity of dipeptide syntheses by means of cyanamides and carbodiimides. |
| 已发布 PubMed:米尔贝霉素 Milbemycins, 一个新的大环内酯类抗生素。 米尔贝霉素 milbemycins α alpha 2的生物合成研究 , α13和4使用13c标记的前体。 alpha 4 and D using 13C labeled precursors. |
| 已发布 PubMed:3h-2的纳入 Incorporation of 3H-2,3-dl-缬氨酸转化为胰酶和促胰液素刺激肾上腺切除的大鼠的胰腺蛋白。 3-DL-valine into pancreatic proteins of adrenalectomized rats stimulated with pancreozymin-CCK and secretin. |
| 已发布 PubMed:抗肿瘤和抗炎药 Antitumor and antiinflammatory agents: 正苯甲酰基保护的氨基酸氰甲基酯。 N-benzoyl-protected cyanomethyl esters of amino acids. |
| 已发布 PubMed:碳11标记的氨基酸用于 胰腺的直线和正电子断层成像。 Carbon-11-labeled amino acids for the rectilinear and positron tomographic imaging of the human pancreas. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[2-氨基-2-脱氧-1的烷基化衍生物 [Alkylating derivatives of 2-amino-2-desoxy-1,3,4,6-四乙酰基-d-吡喃葡萄糖（合成与实验研究）。 6-tetraacetyl-D-glucopyranose (synthesis and experimental study)]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:簇蛋白和[o = c thr1]-簇蛋白的合成和生物活性。一种新颖的合成途径，制备含有n-端l -o = c thr和l-o = c ser残基的肽。 Synthesis and biological activity of tuftsin and of [O = C Thr1]-tuftsin. A novel synthetic route to peptides containing N-terminal L -O = C Thr and L - O = C Ser residues. |
| 已发布 PubMed:铜绿假单胞菌中d-氨基酸分解代谢氧化的基因定位 Mapping of the locus involved in the catabolic oxidation of D-amino acids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. |
| 已发布 PubMed:dl-缬氨酸抗炎活性。 Anti-inflammatory activity of DL-valine. |
| 已发布 PubMed:和妊娠期的影响体外将dl-缬氨酸-1-14c掺入输卵管和子宫蛋白中。 Influence of pregnancy and postpartum period in vitro incorporation of dl-valine-1-14C into oviducal and uterine protein. |
| 已发布 PubMed:n乙酰基-dl-缬氨酸单晶在77 k和热处理后，由γ 产生的自由基。 Free radicals produced by gamma irradiation in a single crystal of N-acetyl-DL-valine at 77 K and after heat treatment. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[1-11c] dl-缬氨酸 [1-11C] DL-valine, 一种潜在的胰腺成像剂。 a potential pancreas-imaging agent. |
| 已发布 PubMed:枯草芽孢杆菌（sh-6）埃及株蛋白酶的生产及化学研究。 Production and chemical studies of protease from Bacillus subtilis (SH-6) Egyptian strain. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[研究 Study of 14 反硝化 denitrifying 泥 soil 菌 bacteria of the "假单胞菌 pseudomonas 斯图策里 stutzeri" group 隔离的 isolated by by 丰富 enrichment culture in the 存在 presence of 亚硝酸 nitrous oxide (author's 翻译 transl)]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:浓度的dl-异亮氨酸影响 Effect of different concentrations of dl-isoleucine, dl-valine, 和dl-丙氨酸对尖镰刀菌生长和孢子形成的影响。乌冬面等 and dl-alanine on growth and sporulation in Fusarium oxysporum f. udum (Butl.) Sn. et H. |
| 已发布 PubMed:在室温下通过光解在n-乙酰基-dl-缬氨酸单晶中形成的顺磁中心。 Paramagnetic centres formed by photolysis in a single crystal of N-acetyl-DL-valine at room temperature. |
| 已发布 PubMed:通过正羧酸酐的聚合获得的聚（dl-缬氨酸）的构象。 Conformation of poly(DL-valine) obtained by the polymerization of the N-carboxy anhydride. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氨基酸对黑素菌生长的影响。 Influence of amino acids on the growth of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. |
| 已发布 PubMed:蛋鸡玉米-豆粕日粮中的亮氨酸失衡。 Leucine imbalance in corn-soybean meal diets for laying hens. |
| 已发布 PubMed:青霉素中掺入了双标记的l-胱氨酸和dl-缬氨酸。 Incorporation of double-labeled L-cystine and DL-valine in penicillin. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 狒狒（papio 食蟹猴 cynocephalus）中的维生素b12的营养和新陈代谢。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:X射线照射的n-乙酰基-dl-缬氨酸单晶的电子自旋共振。 Electron-spin resonance of an X-irradiated single crystal of N-acetyl-DL-valine. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氨基甲酸酯类 菌素抗生素培养物中 菌素C乙酰酯酶的检测 Detection of a cephalosporin C acetyl esterase in the carbamate cephalosporin antibiotic-producing culture, 锁骨链霉菌。 Streptomyces clavuligerus. |
| 已发布 PubMed:输卵管的生理生化研究 Studies on physiology and biochemistry of the fallopian tube: 妊娠早期兔输卵管不同部位对dl-缬氨酸-1-c 14的体外摄取。 in vitro uptake of dl-valine-1-C 14 by different parts of the rabbit Fallopian tube during early pregnancy. |
| 已发布 PubMed:3 h-2体内掺入 In vivo incorporation of 3 H-2,3-dl-缬氨酸在胆酸盐诱发的大鼠急性胰腺炎中的作用。 3-DL-valine in cholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[dl-蛋氨酸和dl-缬氨酸对条件回避反应（回避条件）的形成和消灭的作用]。 [Effect of DL-methionine and DL-valine on elaboration and extinction of a conditioned avoidance reaction (avoidance conditioning)]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:大肠杆菌k-12突变异核糖基转移核糖核酸合成酶的生物化学表征。 Biochemical characterization of a mutant isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli K-12. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[在热处理和紫外线照射过程中， 诱导的甘氨酰-dl-缬氨酸和dl-戊基-甘氨酸自由基的反应动力学]。 [Reaction kinetics of radiation-induced free radicals of glycyl-DL-valine and DL-valyl-glycine during heat treatment and UV-irradiation]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[电子自旋共振光谱的一些 诱导的dl-缬氨酸自由基 [Electron spin resonance spectroscopy of some radiation-induced free radicals of DL-valine, n-乙酰基-dl-缬氨酸和甘氨酰-dl-缬氨酸]。 N-acetyl-DL-valine and glycyl-DL-valine]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:缝线对大鼠子宫液蛋白中dl-缬氨酸-1-14c掺入的影响 Effect of a contraceptive suture on incorporation of dl-valine-1-14C in the uterine fluid protein of rats. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[在电子自旋共振 诱导的dl-缬氨酸和dl-亮氨酸自由基中微波饱和度对 剂量的依赖性研究]。 [Studies on the dependency upon radiation dose of microwaves saturation in electron spin resonance radiation-induced free radicals of DL-valine and DL-leucine]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:电子辐照共振研究dl-缬氨酸中X射线产生的自由基的热处理后微波饱和行为的变化。 Alteration of the microwave saturation behaviour after heat treatment in electron spin resonance studies of free radicals produced in DL-valine by x-irradiation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:铜绿假单胞菌中的颗粒酶将d-氨基酸氧化。 Oxidation of D-amino acids by a particulate enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| 已发布 PubMed:蜥蜴的肾脏和肝脏切片中的糖异生 Gluconeogenesis in the kidney and liver slices of a lizard, uromastix Hardwickii 硬 hardwickii。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:几种细菌菌株的氨基酸和维生素需求量。 Amino Acid and vitamin requirements of several bacteroides strains. |
| 已发布 PubMed:铜绿假单胞菌在缬氨酸-c14上生长期间丙氨酸和天冬氨酸形成。 Alanine and aspartate formation during growth on valine-C14 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| 已发布 PubMed:铜绿假单胞菌酶氧化d-和l-缬氨酸。 Oxidation of D- and L-valine by enzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| 已发布 PubMed:mesenteroides对缬氨酸和甘氨酰缬氨酸吸收。 UPTAKE OF VALINE AND GLYCYLVALINE BY LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氨基酸作为大鼠的味觉刺激。 Amino acids as gustatory stimuli in the rat. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 小酸模/羊酸模/红酸模原生动物ophryoscolex 马尾 caudatus eberlein的生理学研究。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:[dl-缬氨酸毒性作用]。 [Toxic effects of DL-valine]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:青霉素的生物合成；氘苯乙酰基-n15-dl-缬氨酸在青霉素生物合成中的应用 Biosynthesis of penicillins; utilization of deuterophenylacetyl-N15-dl-valine in penicillin biosynthesis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氨基酸混合物和必需氨基酸缺乏影响血浆蛋白的产生 PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION INFLUENCED BY AMINO ACID MIXTURES AND LACK OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS : 与未知因素有关的缺乏状态。 A DEFICIENCY STATE RELATED TO UNKNOWN FACTORS. |
| 已发布 PubMed:精油对德国蟑螂的局部毒性 TOLERANCE TO AMINO ACID MIXTURES AND CASEIN DIGESTS GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY : 谷氨酸负责反应。 GLUTAMIC ACID RESPONSIBLE FOR REACTIONS. |
| 已发布 PubMed:肠胃外有效的氨基酸混合物，可长时间持续产生血浆蛋白。酪蛋白消化比较。 AMINO ACID MIXTURES EFFECTIVE PARENTERALLY FOR LONG CONTINUED PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION. CASEIN DIGESTS COMPARED. |
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调味成分 Flavouring ingredient
支链氨基酸（bcaa）是必需氨基酸，其碳结构以分支点为标志。这三种氨基酸对 类生活至关重要，尤其与压力有关 Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids whose carbon structure is marked by a branch point. These three amino acids are critical to human life and are particularly involved in stress, 能量和肌肉代谢。 bcaa补充疗法 energy and muscle metabolism. BCAA supplementation as therapy, 口服和静脉注射 both oral and intravenous, in 的 human 健康 health and 疾病 disease 持有 holds 大 great 诺言 promise. "bcaa BCAA" 表示 denotes valine, 异亮氨酸和亮氨酸是支链必需氨基酸。尽管它们在结构上相似 isoleucine and leucine which are branched chain essential amino acids. Despite their structural similarities, 支链氨基酸具有不同的代谢途径 the branched amino acids have different metabolic routes, 缬氨酸仅用于碳水化合物 with valine going solely to carbohydrates, 亮氨酸仅对脂肪和异亮氨酸两种。不同的新陈代谢导致 体对这些必需氨基酸需求不同 leucine solely to fats and isoleucine to both. The different metabolism accounts for different requirements for these essential amino acids in humans: 12毫克/千克 12 mg/kg, 14 mg / kg kg和16 mg / kg kg缬氨酸 , 亮氨酸和异亮氨酸分别。此外 leucine and isoleucine respectively. Furthermore, 这些氨基酸有不同的缺乏症状。缬氨酸缺乏症的特征是大脑橙花功能缺损 these amino acids have different deficiency symptoms. Valine deficiency is marked by neurological defects in the brain, 而 while 异亮氨酸 iso亮氨酸 leucine 不足 deficiency is 标记的 marked by by 肌肉 muscle 震颤 tremors.; 许多 Many 类型 types of 先天 inborn 错误 errors of bcaa BCAA 代谢 metabolism 存在 exist, 并且以各种异常为特征。最常见的形式是枫糖浆尿病 and are marked by various abnormalities. The most common form is the maple syrup urine disease, 具有典型的尿臭味。其他异常与多种症状相关 marked by a characteristic urinary odor. Other abnormalities are associated with a wide range of symptoms, 如智力低下 such as mental retardation, 共济失调 ataxia, 低血糖症 hypoglycemia, 脊肌萎缩 spinal muscle atrophy, 皮疹 rash, 呕吐和肌肉过度运动。大多数形式的bcaa代谢错误可以通过饮食限制bcaa来纠正，至少一种形式可以通过每天补充10 mg生物素来纠正。肝病患者的bcaa减少 vomiting and excessive muscle movement. Most forms of BCAA metabolism errors are corrected by dietary restriction of BCAA and at least one form is correctable by supplementation with 10 mg of biotin daily. BCAA are decreased in patients with liver disease, 如肝炎 such as hepatitis, 肝昏迷 hepatic coma, 肝硬化 cirrhosis, 肝外胆道闭锁或门腔分流;缬氨酸（缩写为val或v）是化学式为ho2cch（nh2）ch（ch3）2的α-氨基酸。 l-缬氨酸是20种蛋白氨基酸之一。它的密码子是guu extrahepatic biliary atresia or portacaval shunt; Valine (abbreviated as Val or V) is an ?-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, 古柯 GUC, 瓜 GUA, 和g。该必需氨基酸被分类为非极性的。连同亮氨酸和异亮氨酸 and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar. Along with leucine and isoleucine, 缬氨酸是支链氨基酸。它以植物缬草命名。镰状细胞病 valine is a branched-chain amino acid. It is named after the plant valerian. In sickle-cell disease, 缬氨酸替代血红蛋白中的亲水性氨基酸谷氨酸。因为缬氨酸是疏水的 valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Because valine is hydrophobic, 血红蛋白不能正确折叠。缬氨酸是必需氨基酸 the hemoglobin does not fold correctly.; Valine is an essential amino acid, 因此必须摄取 hence it must be ingested, （e）-4-苯基-环庚醇α-甲基肉桂醇甲基苯乙烯基甲醇2-甲基-3-苯基-2-丙烯基-1-醇α-甲基-3-苯基-2-丙烯基-2-醇-3--2-甲基-3 -苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇（e）-2-甲基-3-苯基丙-2-en-1-ola-甲基肉桂醇α-甲基肉桂醇3-苯基-2-甲基丙-2-醇-1（ 3e）-4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-醇（e）-4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-醇 usually as a component of proteins. And will flow bood engorged pumps to the penile region. It is synthesized in plants via several steps starting from pyruvic acid. The initial part of the pathway also leads to leucine. The intermediate ?-ketovalerate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate. Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include:;芳香族氨基酸（aaa）-酪氨酸 ; aromatic amino acids (AAA)-tyrosine, 色氨酸和苯丙氨酸 tryptophan and phenylalanine, 以及蛋氨酸在这些情况下都增加了。特别是缬氨酸 as well as methionine-are increased in these conditions. Valine in particular, 已经建立了对生病的肝有用的补充疗法。所有的bcaa都可能与aaa竞争进入大脑的吸收。补充维生素B6和锌的bcaa有助于使bcaa正常化 has been established as a useful supplemental therapy to the ailing liver. All the BCAA probably compete with AAA for absorption into the brain. Supplemental BCAA with vitamin B6 and zinc help normalize the BCAA:氨基酸比率。 （http AAA ratio. (http: //www.营养不良 dcnutrition.com）
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3D/INCHI