胶体 a colloidal, 水合的 水合物 hyd鼠 rated 铝 aluminum 硅酸盐 二氧化硅 silicate that 膨胀 s好 wells 12 次 时间 times its 干燥 dry size 什么时候 when added added to 水 water. tsca 定义 definition 2008: 胶体粘土。主要由蒙脱石组成。在食品中用作着色剂 a colloidal clay. consists primarily of montmorillonite. Used in foods as a colourant, 颜料和稳定剂 pigment and stabiliser 也称为钾膨润土或k膨润土 Also known as potash bentonite or K-bentonite, 膨润土钾是由火山灰的变化形成的富含钾的硅质粘土。膨润土是一种吸收性的层状铝硅酸盐 potassium bentonite is a potassium rich illitic clay formed from alteration of volcanic ash.; Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate, 通常不纯的粘土，主要由蒙脱石组成。膨润土有几种类型，其名称取决于主要元素 generally impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. There are a few types of bentonites and their names depend on the dominant elements, 如k such as K, Na, Ca, 还有。正如地质文献中的许多地方所指出的 and Al. As noted in several places in the geologic literature, 膨润土的分类存在命名上的问题。膨润土通常由火山灰风化形成 there are some nomenclatorial problems with the classification of bentonite clays. Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash, 最常见的是在水的存在下。然而 most often in the presence of water. However, 膨润土 the term bentonite, 以及类似的名为汤斯坦 tonstein的粘土 , 已用于来源不确定的黏土床。工业用途 have been used for clay beds of uncertain origin. For industrial purposes, 存在两种主要的膨润土 two main classes of bentonite exist: 钠和钙膨润土。在地层学和年代学方面 sodium and calcium bentonite. In stratigraphy and tephrochronology, 当主要粘土种类为伊利石时，完全失透的玻璃（风化的火山玻璃）落灰床通常称为k膨润土。其他常见的粘土种类 completely devitrified (weathered volcanic glass) ash-fall beds are commonly referred to as K-bentonites when the dominant clay species is illite. Other common clay species, 有时占主导地位 and sometimes dominant, 是蒙脱石和高岭石。高岭石为主的粘土通常称为吨石，通常与煤结合。 bentoquatam Bentoquatam像毒藤一样保护皮肤 , 毒漆树 poison oak, 通过物理阻止皮肤与树脂的接触而使漆树中毒。避免受到这些条件的最好保护是避免与这些植物接触。这种药不会使常春藤皮疹引起的干和流泪 and poison sumac by physically blocking skin contact with their resin. The best protection against getting these conditions is to avoid contact with these plants. This medicine does not dry oozing and weeping caused by the rash of poison ivy, 毒漆树 poison oak, 或毒漆。膨润土钙是溶液中离子的有用吸附剂。以及油脂 or poison sumac.; Calcium bentonite is a useful adsorbent of ions in solution. as well as fats and oils, 存在 being a main 活性 active 成分 ingredient of Fuller's 地球 Earth, 大概 probably one of the 最早的 earliest 产业 indus试用 trial 打扫 cleaning 代理商 agents. 钙 Calcium bentonite 可以 may be 已转换 converted to sodium bentonite (被称为 termed sodium 选矿 beneficiation or sodium 激活 activation) to 展示 exhibit 许多 many of sodium bentonite's 属性 properties by by a process known as "ion 交换 exchange" (获得专利 patented in 1935 by by 德国 Germans U 霍夫曼 Hofmann and k K endell Endell). 通常 Commonly 这个 this 手段 means adding adding 5-10% of a 易溶 soluble sodium 盐 salt 这样 such as sodium 碳酸盐 carbonate to 湿 wet bentonite, 拌匀 mixing well, 并留出时间进行离子交换，并用水除去交换的钙。[需要引证]一些特性 and allowing time for the ion exchange to take place and water to remove the exchanged calcium.[citation needed] Some properties, 例如悬浮液的粘度和流体损失 such as viscosity and fluid loss of suspensions, 钠精选的膨润土（或钠活化的膨润土）的数量可能不完全等同于天然钠膨润土。例如 of sodium beneficiated calcium bentonite (or sodium activated bentonite) may not be fully equivalent to natural sodium bentonite. For example, 剩余的 residual 钙 calcium 碳酸盐 碳酸盐 carbonates (形成的 formed if 交换了 交换 exchanged 阳离子 cations are 不足够 insufficiently 已移除 去掉 re移动 moved) 可以 may result in 下 inferior 性能 performance of the bentonite in 土工合成材料 geo合成的 synthetic 班轮 liners; 许多 Much of bentonite's 有用性 有用 usefulness in the 钻孔 drilling and 岩土工程 geo技术 technical 工程 engineering industry 来了 comes from its 独特 unique 流变的 rheological 属性 properties. 相对 Relatively small 数量 quantities of bentonite 暂停 suspended in 水 water form a 粘性的 viscous, 剪切稀化材料。最经常 shear thinning material. Most often, 膨润土悬浮液也具有触变性 bentonite suspensions are also thixotropic, 尽管也有罕见的流变行为案例。浓度足够高（每升悬浮液约60克膨润土） although rare cases of rheopectic behavior have also been reported. At high enough concentrations (~60 grams of bentonite per litre of suspension), 特征类310 s稳定剂是天然*口香糖的混合物，旨在稳定和增稠沙拉酱和饮料。它提供具有滑腻口感的产品，并已被广泛用作黄gum胶和果胶的1对1替代品。它是冷水可溶的，能够承受干馏条件和均质化。 bentonite suspensions begin to take on the characteristics of a gel (a fluid with a minimum yield strength required to make it move). For these reasons it is a common component of drilling mud used to curtail drilling fluid invasion by its propensity for aiding in the formation of mud cake.; Pascalite is a commercial name for the calcium bentonite clay.