氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride
2-羟乙基(三甲基)氮杂氯 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride

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    67-48-1氯化胆碱 67-48-1 Choline Chloride
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    gv0497氯化胆碱 GV0497 Choline chloride
    gv9961氯化胆碱 GV9961 Choline chloride, usp级 USP grade
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    无色(用于香精)(robertet)安息香树脂精华/精粹/精萃siam安息香树脂精华/精粹/精萃siam 100安息香树脂精华/精粹/精萃siam clair安息香siam精华/精粹/精萃安息香siam精华/精粹/精萃50%bb benzoin siam精华/精粹/精萃50%dpg安息香siam精华/精粹/精萃50%mpg苯甲酸siam精华/精粹/精萃50%pe benzoin暹罗精华/精粹/精萃50%三醋精安息香暹罗ht 100 abs安息香型暹罗ht超精华/精粹/精萃01安息香型siam超精华/精粹/精萃01安息香型siam超级精华/精粹/精萃02 styrax hyglaucus精华/精粹/精萃styrax macrothyrsus精华/精粹/精萃styrax subniveus精华/精粹/精萃styrax tonkinensis精华/精粹/精萃 The guiding principles of OQEMA have always been to establish long term relationships with customers and suppliers alike to build sustainable and profitable business for all parties. Through OQEMA’s business divisions the company tailors products and services to better support and service our customers requirements. This structure also allows the company to focus its marketing campaigns more effectively to certain industries. Over the last decade OQEMA has achieved strong growth as a result of the expansion of our business model. Going forward, 该公司将把这种商业模式扩展到现有和新的战略领域。 the company will be expanding this business model into existing and new strategic territories.
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    氯化胆碱60% Choline Chloride 60%
    氯化胆碱75% Choline Chloride 75%
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    超过30年 For over 30 years, penta制造业公司在全球化学创新和应用中扮演着越来越重要的角色。作为行业领导者 Penta Manufacturing Company has played a growing role in worldwide chemistry innovations and applications. As an industry leader, penta继续为几乎每个商业领域开拓基于化学的解决方案。我们的产品和香基/香型知识帮助推动了包括调味剂在内的数十种商业应用的技术进步 Penta continues to pioneer chemistry-based solutions for practically every area of commerce. Our products and expertise have helped fuel technical advances in dozens of commercial applications including flavoring, 染色 coloring, 香料和化学工艺。 fragrances and chemical processes.
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    03-22900氯化胆碱fcc 99% 03-22900 CHOLINE CHLORIDE FCC 99%
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    香精香料分析 Flavors and Fragrances Analysis
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    w450001氯化胆碱 W450001 Choline chloride, ≥98%, fcc FCC
    SDS
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    c0329氯化胆碱> 98.0%(t) C0329 Choline Chloride >98.0%(T)
Name:2-羟乙基(三甲基)氮杂氯 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
CAS号 CAS Number: 67-48-1Picture of molecule3D/INCHI
echa ECHA einecs EINECS - REACH 预注册 Pre-Reg:200-655-4
FDA UNII:45I14D8O27
贝尔斯坦数 Beilstein Number:3563126
MDL :mfcd00011721 MFCD00011721
分子量 Molecular Weight:139.62478000
式 Formula:c5 h14 cl n o C5 H14 Cl N O
生物活性总结 BioActivity Summary:清单 listing
核磁共振预测器 NMR Predictor:预测(适用于Chrome或Firefox) Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category:nutrient supplements
 
美国 US/欧盟 EU/ fda / jecfa / fema / Flavis / 文献 Scholar /专利 Patent :
谷歌学术 Google Scholar:搜索 Search
谷歌书 Google Books:搜索 Search
谷歌学术 Google Scholar: with word "volatile"搜索 Search
谷歌学术 Google Scholar: with word "flavor"搜索 Search
谷歌学术 Google Scholar: with word "odor"搜索 Search
调香师和调味师 Perfumer and Flavorist:搜索 Search
谷歌专利 Google Patents:搜索 Search
美国专利 US Patents:搜索 Search
欧盟专利 EU Patents:搜索 Search
pubchem专利 Pubchem Patents:搜索 Search
已发布 PubMed:搜索 Search
NCBI:搜索 Search
 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, 评论 Reviews, 告示 Notices:
182.8252 氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride 视图 View - 评论 review
jecfa食品调味料 JECFA Food Flavoring:2003氯化胆碱 2003 choline chloride
fema号 FEMA Number:4500 氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride
自由贸易区 FDA:不再提供这七种合成调味剂的使用 No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
fda mainterm(satf) FDA Mainterm (SATF):67-48-1 ; CHOLINE CHLORIDE
自由贸易区法规 FDA Regulation:
自由贸易区 FDA PART 182 -- 物质 SUBSTANCES 通常 GENERALLY 公认的 RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart I--Nutrients
Sec. 182.8252 氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride.
 
物理性质 Physical Properties:
出现 Appearance:白结晶性粉末(est) white crystalline powder (est)
化验 Assay: 95.00至100.00 95.00 to 100.00
食品化学品法典列表 Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
熔点 Melting Point: 302.00 to 305.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm 汞 Hg
闪点 Flash Point: 32.00 °F. tcc TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logp(o / w) logP (o/w): -3.700(est) -3.700 (est)
溶于 Soluble in:
 alcohol
 水 water
 水 water, 1e + 006 mg / l @ 25°c(est) 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
感官特性 Organoleptic Properties:
来自其他 的气味和/或风味描述(如果找到)。 Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
化妆品信息 Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:化妆品数据 cosmetic data
化妆品用途 Cosmetic Uses: 不再使用 not used anymore
 
供应商 Suppliers:
American International Chemical, LLC.
氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride
balchem Balchem
维生素胆碱和贸易; VitaCholine™
味道 Flavor: characteristic
Choline is an essential nutrient 重要 important to the 健康 healthy 结构体 structure and function of the 的 human body.
Beijing Lys Chemicals
氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride
BOC Sciences
仅供实验/研究使用。 For experimental / research use only.
氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride
陶氏化学 Dow Chemical
氯化胆碱fcc / usp Choline Chloride FCC/USP
伊士曼化学 Eastman Chemical
氯化胆碱78%溶液 Choline Chloride 78% Solution
气味 Odor: characteristic
采用 我们 Use: 胆碱通常被归类为维生素。它属于水溶性b-维生素家族。它以前被称为维生素B4。 Choline is customary classified as a vitamin. It belongs to the family of water soluble B-vitamins. It was formerly known as the vitamin B4. 像其他维生素一样 Like other vitamins, 它在营养中起着重要作用 it plays a significant role in nutrition, 但其每日需求量似乎是其他维生素的数百倍。 but its daily requirement seems to be hundreds of times greater than that of other vitamins.
Emd 微孔 Millipore
仅供实验/研究使用。 For experimental / research use only.
氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride
Glentham Life Sciences
氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride, usp级 USP grade
Glentham Life Sciences
氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride
OQEMA
氯化胆碱60% Choline Chloride 60%
OQEMA
氯化胆碱75% Choline Chloride 75%
Penta International
氯化胆碱fcc 99% CHOLINE CHLORIDE FCC 99%
Sigma-Aldrich
氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride, ≥98%, fcc FCC
认证食品级产品 Certified Food Grade Products
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
仅供实验/研究使用。 For experimental / research use only.
氯化胆碱≥99% Choline Chloride ≥99%
塔明科(伊斯曼) Taminco (Eastman)
(2-羟乙基)三甲基氯化铵 (2-hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
TCI AMERICA
仅供实验/研究使用。 For experimental / research use only.
氯化胆碱> 98.0%(t) Choline Chloride >98.0%(T)
 
安全信息 Safety Information:
首选SDS Preferred SDS: 视图 View
欧洲信息 European information :
最重要的危害 Most important hazard(s):
xi-刺激性 Xi - Irritant
r 36/37/38-刺激眼睛 R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, 呼吸系统 respiratory system, and skin 皮.
S 02 - 保持 Keep out of the 达到 reach of 孩子们 children.
S 24/25 - 避免 Avoid contact with skin 皮 and 眼睛 eyes.
S 26 - In 案件 case of contact with 眼睛 eyes, 冲洗 rinse 立即 immediately with 充裕 plenty of 水 water and 寻求 seek 医疗 medical advice.
S 36 - 穿 Wear 适当 suitable 保护性 protective 服装 clothing.
 
危害识别 Hazards identification
 
物质或混合物的分类 Classification of the substance or mixture
根据29 cfr 1910(osha hcs)进行ghs分类 GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
没有找到。 None found.
ghs标签元素 GHS Label elements, 包括预防性声明 including precautionary statements
 
象形图 Pictogram
 
危险说明 Hazard statement(s)
没有找到。 None found.
防范说明 Precautionary statement(s)
没有找到。 None found.
口服/肠胃外毒性 Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
口鼠 口服 oral-rat LD50 3400 mg/kg
行为的 BEHAVIORAL: 激动 EXCITEMENT 感官和特殊感官 SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: 嗜铬细胞 CHROMODACYRORREA: 眼睛 EYE 肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 呼吸抑制 RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Proceedings of the 社会 Society for 实验性的 Experimental 生物学 Biology and 药物 Medicine. 卷 Vol. 58, pg。 87 Pg. 87, 1945.

腹膜内大鼠 腹膜内 intraperitoneal-rat LD50 450 mg/kg
印度 Indian 日志 Journal of 实验性的 Experimental 生物学 Biology. 卷 Vol. 24, pg。 91 Pg. 91, 1986.

老鼠 口服 oral-mouse LD50 3900 mg/kg
肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 呼吸抑制 RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION 感官和特殊感官 SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: 流泪 LACRIMATION: 眼睛 EYE 行为的 BEHAVIORAL: 抽搐或对癫痫发作阈值的影响 CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Arzneimittel-Forschung. 药品 Drug 研究 Research. 卷 Vol. 33, pg. 1016 Pg. 1016, 1983.

静脉老鼠 intravenous-mouse LD50 53 mg/kg
感官和特殊感官 SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: 流泪 LACRIMATION: 眼睛 EYE 肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 呼吸抑制 RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION 行为的 BEHAVIORAL: 抽搐或对癫痫发作阈值的影响 CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Arzneimittel-Forschung. 药品 Drug 研究 Research. 卷 Vol. 33, pg. 1016 Pg. 1016, 1983.

腹腔内小鼠 腹膜内 intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 320 mg/kg
Proceedings of the 社会 Society for 实验性的 Experimental 生物学 Biology and 药物 Medicine. 卷 Vol. 51, pg。 281 Pg. 281, 1942.

静脉猫 intravenous-cat ldlo LDLo 25 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's 手铐 Handbuch der 生物化学 Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden Arbeitsmethoden." 卷 Vol. 4, pg. 1289 Pg. 1289, 1935.

静脉狗 intravenous-dog ldlo LDLo 5 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's 手铐 Handbuch der 生物化学 Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden Arbeitsmethoden." 卷 Vol. 4, pg. 1289 Pg. 1289, 1935.

未报告的青蛙 unreported-frog ldlo LDLo 1500 mg/kg
Proceedings of the 社会 Society for 实验性的 Experimental 生物学 Biology and 药物 Medicine. 卷 Vol. 51, pg。 281 Pg. 281, 1942.

腹腔内兔子 腹膜内 intraperitoneal-rabbit ldlo LDLo 500 mg/kg
行为的 BEHAVIORAL: 抽搐或对癫痫发作阈值的影响 CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD 肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 其他变化 OTHER CHANGES 感官和特殊感官 SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: 角膜损伤 CORNEAL DAMAGE: 眼睛 EYE
日志 Journal of 的 Infectious 疾病 Diseases. 卷 Vol. 42, pg。 473 Pg. 473, 1928.

静脉兔子 intravenous-rabbit ldlo LDLo 1100 ug/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: 唾液腺结构或功能的变化 CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS 肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 紫osis CYANOSIS 行为的 BEHAVIORAL: 抽搐或对癫痫发作阈值的影响 CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Proceedings of the 社会 Society for 实验性的 Experimental 生物学 Biology and 药物 Medicine. 卷 Vol. 51, pg。 281 Pg. 281, 1942.

皮肤毒性 Dermal Toxicity:
皮下老鼠 subcutaneous-mouse ldlo LDLo 735 mg/kg
日志 Journal of 药理 Pharmacology and 实验性的 Experimental 疗法 Therapeutics. 卷 Vol. 6, pg。 477 Pg. 477, 1914/1915.

皮下兔子 subcutaneous-rabbit ldlo LDLo 1000 mg/kg
Proceedings of the 社会 Society for 实验性的 Experimental 生物学 Biology and 药物 Medicine. 卷 Vol. 51, pg。 281 Pg. 281, 1942.

吸入毒性 Inhalation Toxicity:
未定 Not determined
 
使用安全信息 Safety in Use Information:
Category:
nutrient supplements
推荐使用氯化胆碱 Recommendation for choline chloride usage levels up to:
 不用于香水。 not for fragrance use.
 
结构类 Structure Class: I
采用 我们 Use 等级 水平 levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring 物质 物质 substances on 哪一个 which the FEMA 专家 Expert 面板 Panel 基于 based its 判断 judgments that the 物质 物质 substances are 通常 generally 公认的 recognized as safe (GRAS).
The 专家 Expert 面板 Panel also 发表 publishes 分离 separate 广泛 extensive 评论 评论 reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring 物质 物质 substances and can be 发现 found at FEMA 味道 Flavor Ingredient 图书馆 Library
出版编号 publication number: 24.更新出版物号 24. Update in publication number(s): 26
点击这里查看出版物24 Click here to view publication 24
 平均 average 通常 usual 百万分之几 ppm平均 average 最大 maximum 百万分之几 ppm
焙烤食品 baked goods: 4000.000006000.00000
饮料(不含醇) beverages(nonalcoholic): --
醇饮料 beverages(alcoholic): --
早餐麦片 breakfast cereal: 4000.000006000.00000
起司 cheese: --
口香糖 chewing gum: --
调味品/调味品 condiments / relishes: --
糖果烧烤 confectionery froastings: --
蛋制品 egg products: --
脂肪/油 fats / oils: --
鱼产品 fish products: 600.000001200.00000
冷冻乳制品 frozen dairy: --
水果冰 fruit ices: --
明胶/布丁 gelatins / puddings: --
砂糖 granulated sugar: --
肉汁 gravies: 4000.000006000.00000
硬糖 hard candy: --
仿乳制品 imitation dairy: --
速溶咖啡/茶 instant coffee / tea: --
果酱/果冻 jams / jellies: --
肉制品 meat products: 4000.000006000.00000
奶制品 milk products: --
坚果产品 nut products: --
其他谷物 other grains: --
家禽 poultry: 4000.000006000.00000
加工水果 processed fruits: --
加工蔬菜 processed vegetables: --
重构蔬菜 reconstituted vegetables: --
调味料 seasonings / flavors: 4000.000006000.00000
休闲食品 snack foods: 4000.000006000.00000
软糖 soft candy: --
汤类 soups: 2500.000004000.00000
糖替代品 sugar substitutes: --
甜酱 sweet sauces: --
 
安全参考 Safety references:
欧洲食品安全局(efsa EFSA)参考 :

胆碱稳定的 Choline-stabilised 正硅 orthosilicic acid added added for 营养的 nutritional 目的 purposes to food supplements
视图 View page or 视图 View pdf

Epi系统 EPI System: 视图 View
Clinicaltrials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov:search
尼什国际化学品安全卡 NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
nlm NLM有害物质数据库 :搜索 Search
化学致癌研究信息系统 Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:搜索 Search
癌症引文 Cancer Citations:搜索 Search
毒理学引文 Toxicology Citations:搜索 Search
致癌力数据库 Carcinogenic Potency Database:搜索 Search
epa遗传毒理学 EPA GENetic TOXicology:搜索 Search
环境诱变信息中央 Env. Mutagen Info. Center:搜索 Search
橙花发育和 毒性 NLM Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity:搜索 Search
EPA物质注册服务(tsca TSCA) :67-48-1
EPA ACToR:毒理学资料 Toxicology Data
EPA物质注册服务(SRS) :注册表 Registry
实验室化学安全摘要 Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6209
国家过敏和传染病研究所 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
sccnfp SCCNFP:意见 opinion
德国wgk WGK Germany:1
2-羟乙基(三甲基)氮杂氯 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
chemidplus Chemidplus:0000067481
epa / noaa客串 EPA/NOAA CAMEO:有害物质 hazardous materials
技术 RTECS:67-48-1
 
参考资料 References:
 2-羟乙基(三甲基)氮杂氯 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
NIST化学网络书籍 NIST Chemistry WebBook: 搜索INCHI
加拿大国内分公司。清单 Canada Domestic Sub. List:67-48-1
pubchem(cid) Pubchem (cid):6209
pubchem(sid) Pubchem (sid):134970718
 
其他资料 Other Information:
(iupac) (IUPAC):元素的原子量2009 Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009
(iupac) (IUPAC):元素的原子量2009(pdf) Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009 (pdf)
影片 Videos:元素周期表 The Periodic Table of Videos
RBC :本网站使用的原子量 Atomic Weights use for this web site
(iupac) (IUPAC):元素周期表 Periodic Table of the Elements
食品中添加的fda物质(以前为af) FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):视图 View
CHEBI:视图 View
CHEMBL:视图 View
格尔姆代谢组数据库 Golm Metabolome Database:搜索 Search
hmdb(人类代谢组数据库) HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB29558
食物 FooDB:FDB000711
出口关税代码 Export Tariff Code:2923.10.0000
fda食品添加剂状况清单 FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:视图 View
vcf在线 VCF-Online:食品中的挥发性有机化合物 VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
化学蜘蛛 ChemSpider:视图 View
维基百科 Wikipedia:视图 View
rsc学习化学 RSC Learn Chemistry:视图 View
o FAO:氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride
配方/制剂 Formulations/Preparations:
一般可用的表格 forms available generically: 片剂250毫克(酒石酸胆碱);粉末(氯化胆碱 tablets 250 mg (choline bitartrates); powder (choline chloride, 胆碱柠檬酸二氢盐)。 choline dihydrogen citrate).
 
潜在搅拌机 Potential Blenders and 核心 core components note
没找到 None Found
 
潜在用途 Potential Uses:
没找到 None Found
 
存在(自然 Occurrence (nature, food, 其他) other):note
 天然产物 found in nature
 
同义词 Synonyms:
 生物菌落 bio大肠杆菌 colina
 氯化cholinchloride
 氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride 2 二氧化硅 silica 有条件的 conditioned
 氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride fcc FCC
 氯化胆碱 CCSASP Choline Chloride 美国邮政 USP fcc FCC
 cholinium chloride
(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-三甲基铵 trimethyl-铵盐 ammonium
2-hydroxy-N,N,正三甲基乙胺 N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium azanium chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)三甲基铵 trimethyl-铵盐 ammonium chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)三甲基铵 trimethyl铵盐 ammonium chloride
(Beta- beta-hydroxyethyl)三甲基铵 trimethyl铵盐 ammonium chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)三甲基氮杂 trimethylazanium azanium chloride
 luridin chloride
2-(三甲氨基 trimethyl氨基 amino)ethan-1-ol, chloride
 

文章 Articles:

已发布 PubMed:氯化胆碱-草酸深共熔溶剂的新型消解方法测定铜 A novel digestion method based on a choline chloride-oxalic acid deep eutectic solvent for determining Cu, fe Fe, 鱼样品中的锌和锌。 and Zn in fish samples.
已发布 PubMed:氯化胆碱修饰的玻碳电极上构建金纳米颗粒,用于亚硝酸盐的灵敏检测。 Construction of Au nanoparticles on choline chloride modified glassy carbon electrode for sensitive detection of nitrite.
已发布 PubMed:通过氯化胆碱提高盐的摄入量。 Enhancement of salt intake by choline chloride.
已发布 PubMed:基于碳和nafion修饰的碳电极的简单的咖啡因电化学传感器。 Simple electrochemical sensor for caffeine based on carbon and Nafion-modified carbon electrodes.
已发布 PubMed:饲料中的二恶英污染事件 An episode of dioxin contamination in feedingstuff: 氯化胆碱情况。 the choline chloride case.
已发布 PubMed:[十二指肠氯化胆碱和蛋氨酸十二指肠输注期间,泌乳母牛胃肠道的脂质代谢]。 [Lipid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of lactating cows during the duodenal infusion of choline chloride and methionine].
已发布 PubMed:使用氨棒状杆菌细胞和重组大肠杆菌细胞酶促生产嘧啶核苷酸 Enzymatic production of pyrimidine nucleotides using Corynebacterium ammoniagenes cells and recombinant Escherichia coli cells: 从乳清酸和氯化胆碱酶促生产cdp-胆碱(第i部分)。 enzymatic production of CDP-choline from orotic acid and choline chloride (Part I).
已发布 PubMed:吸入对胆碱急性毒性评估 Acute toxicity assessment of choline by inhalation, balb / c小鼠的腹膜内和口服途径。 intraperitoneal and oral routes in Balb/c mice.
已发布 PubMed:意大利食品中的二恶英污染 Dioxin contamination of food in Italy: 1999-2000年情况概览。 an overview of the situation 1999-2000.
已发布 PubMed:脑室内注入的阴离子胆碱溶液的稀释剂和进食影响。 Dipsogenic and feeding influences of intraventricularly infused anionic choline solutions.
已发布 PubMed:急性肾衰竭实验模型中大鼠下颌骨骨骼单位的生长 Growth of the skeletal units of the rat mandible in acute renal failure experimental model.
已发布 PubMed:动物饲料和饲料添加剂中pcdd / fs表征的评估。 Evaluation of PCDD/Fs characterization in animal feed and feed additives.
已发布 PubMed:孕期大鼠和胎儿的胆碱分布和代谢受母体饮食中胆碱含量的影响。 Choline distribution and metabolism in pregnant rats and fetuses are influenced by the choline content of the maternal diet.
已发布 PubMed:锰的影响 The effects of manganese, 生物素 biotin, 胆碱对六胺和羟脯氨酸含量的影响与腿部无力有关。 and choline on hexosamine and hydroxyproline content as related to leg weakness.
已发布 PubMed:饮食中的s-甲基蛋氨酸 Dietary S-methylmethionine, 食物的一部分 a component of foods, 在鸡中具有保留胆碱活性。 has choline-sparing activity in chickens.
已发布 PubMed:补充胆碱对饲喂不同能源的肉鸡种鸡生产性能的影响。 Effect of supplementary choline on the performance of broiler breeders fed on different energy sources.
已发布 PubMed:肺表面活性物质磷脂与禁食大鼠的水合作用和胆碱状态有关。 Lung surfactant phospholipids as related to hydration and choline status of fasted rats.
已发布 PubMed:缺乏胆碱和麻醉剂拮抗剂对阿扑吗啡的影响。 Lack of effect of choline and narcotic antagonists upon apomorphine discrimination.
已发布 PubMed:补充蛋氨酸和胆碱饮食的akr雌性小鼠寿命延长。 Prolonged survival of female AKR mice fed diets supplemented with methionine and choline.
已发布 PubMed:戊糖和氨基酸模型美拉德反应中阳离子物质对视觉颜色形成的影响 Effects of cationic species on visual color formation in model Maillard reactions of pentose sugars and amino acids.
已发布 PubMed:富含胆碱饮食可提高内毒素休克大鼠模型的存活率。 A choline-rich diet improves survival in a rat model of endotoxin shock.
已发布 PubMed:根据实际成分,饲喂日粮的雏鸡的叶酸需求量。 1.与饮食胆碱相互关系。 The folic acid requirements of starting broiler chicks fed diets based on practical ingredients. 1. Interrelationships with dietary choline.
已发布 PubMed:[关于育肥火鸡中维生素需求和维生素供应的研究。 2.检查国家批准的混合动物饲料中的维生素补充剂,以增肥火鸡]。 [Studies on the vitamin requirement and vitamin supply in fattening turkeys. 2. Checking the vitamin supplements to state-approved mixed animal feed for fattening turkeys].
已发布 PubMed:ctp合成酶和由胆碱磷酸胞嘧啶转移酶和胆碱激酶基因形成的融合基因的质粒的构建及其在工业cdp-胆碱生产中的应用 Construction of a plasmid carrying both CTP synthetase and a fused gene formed from cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase and choline kinase genes and its application to industrial CDP-choline production: 从乳清酸酶促生产cdp-胆碱(第二部分)。 enzymatic production of CDP-choline from orotic acid (Part II).
已发布 PubMed:围产期乳山羊中小酸模/羊酸模/红酸模保护的胆碱和维生素e的补充 Rumen-protected choline and vitamin E supplementation in periparturient dairy goats: 对牛奶产量和叶酸影响 effects on milk production and folate, 维生素b12和维生素e的状态。 vitamin B12 and vitamin E status.
已发布 PubMed:使用灰霉菌青霉在米糠上进行固态发酵生产灰霉菌黄素。 Solid-state fermentation for production of griseofulvin on rice bran using Penicillium griseofulvum.
已发布 PubMed:小酸模/羊酸模/红酸模保护胆碱对过渡母牛的管理 Rumen-protected choline administration to transition cows: 对牛奶产量和维生素e状况的影响。 effects on milk production and vitamin E status.
已发布 PubMed:幼年罗非鱼的饮食胆碱需求量 Dietary choline requirements of juvenile hybrid tilapia, 尼罗罗非鱼金黄的。 Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus.
已发布 PubMed:和渗透强度对负责环状β-(1的 的葡萄糖基转移酶的影响 Effects of Ionic and Osmotic Strength on the Glucosyltransferase of Rhizobium meliloti Responsible for Cyclic beta-(1,2)-葡聚糖的生物合成。 2)-Glucan Biosynthesis.
 
笔记 Notes:
卵磷脂的基本成分,存在于许多动植物器官中。它是乙酰胆碱重要前体 a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. it is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, 作为各种代谢过程中的甲基供体 as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, 青蒿叶/茎提取物青蒿叶/茎提取物青蒿叶/茎提取物青蒿。德拉科叶/茎提取物蒿科亚种。龙舌兰叶/茎提取物青蒿叶/茎干提取物青蒿变种。龙蒿叶和茎的巨头叶/茎提取物提取物 and in lipid metabolism. Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt. Choline chloride is mass produced and is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where it accelerates growth. Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate. In foodstuffs the compound is often present as phosphatidylcholine. (Wikipedia)
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