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类别 Category:cosmetic ingredient for skin and hair conditioning
美国 US/欧盟 EU/ fda / jecfa / fema / Flavis / 文献 Scholar /专利 Patent :
物理性质 Physical Properties:
| 化验 Assay: | 95.00至100.00 95.00 to 100.00
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| 食品化学品法典列表 Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| 沸点 Boiling Point: | 805.02 °C. @ 760.00 mm 汞 Hg (est)
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| 闪点 Flash Point: | 825.00 °F. tcc TCC ( 440.70 °C. ) (est)
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| logp（o / w） logP (o/w): | -1.897（est） -1.897 (est) |
| 溶于 Soluble in: |
| | 水 water, 1e + 006 mg / l @ 25°c（est） 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
感官特性 Organoleptic Properties:
| 来自其他 的气味和/或风味描述（如果找到）。 Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
化妆品信息 Cosmetic Information:
供应商 Suppliers:
安全信息 Safety Information:
| 首选SDS Preferred SDS: 视图 View |
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| 危害识别 Hazards identification |
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| 物质或混合物的分类 Classification of the substance or mixture |
| 根据29 cfr 1910（osha hcs）进行ghs分类 GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| ghs标签元素 GHS Label elements, 包括预防性声明 including precautionary statements |
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| 象形图 Pictogram | |
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| 危险说明 Hazard statement(s) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| 防范说明 Precautionary statement(s) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| 口服/肠胃外毒性 Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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未定 Not determined
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| 皮肤毒性 Dermal Toxicity: |
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未定 Not determined
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| 吸入毒性 Inhalation Toxicity: |
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未定 Not determined
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使用安全信息 Safety in Use Information:
| 类别 Category: | cosmetic ingredient for skin and hair conditioning |
| 推荐的正乙酰橙花氨酸用量不超过 Recommendation for N-acetyl neuraminic acid usage levels up to: | | | 不用于香水。 not for fragrance use.
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| 推荐的正乙酰橙花氨酸风味剂的使用水平不超过 Recommendation for N-acetyl neuraminic acid flavor usage levels up to: |
| | 不用于调味料。 not for flavor use.
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安全参考 Safety references:
参考资料 References:
| | (2s (2S,4s 4S,5r 5R,6r）-5-乙酰氨基2 6R)-5-acetamido-2,4-二羟基-6-（1 4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-三羟丙基）氧烷-2-羧酸 3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid |
| NIST化学网络书籍 NIST Chemistry WebBook: | 搜索INCHI |
| pubchem（cid） Pubchem (cid): | 8565 |
| pubchem（sid） Pubchem (sid): | 134973567 |
其他资料 Other Information:
潜在搅拌机 Potential Blenders and core components note
潜在用途 Potential Uses:
存在（自然 Occurrence (nature, food, 其他） other): note
同义词 Synonyms:
| (2s (2S,4s 4S,5r 5R,6R)-5- | acetamido-2,4-二羟基-6-（1 4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-三羟丙基）氧烷-2-羧酸 3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid | | (-)-5- | acetamido-3,5-二脱氧-d-甘油-d-半乳糖壬酸 5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid | | N- | acetyl-D-neuraminic acid | | N- | acetyl-dextro-neuraminic acid | | N- | acetylneuraminic acid | | | neuraminic acid, 正乙酰基 N-acetyl- |
文章 Articles:
| 已发布 PubMed:新型基于抗体的独立于受体结合的基于spr的测定法，用于快速测量流感越橘的效力。 Novel antibody-independent receptor-binding SPR-based assay for rapid measurement of influenza vaccine potency. |
| 已发布 PubMed:建立 Establishment of a 整体的 holistic and 科学的 scientific 协议 protocol for the 认证方式 aut母鸡 hentication and 质量 quality 保证 assurance of 食用 edible bird's 巢 nest. |
| 已发布 PubMed:高密度脂蛋白的糖分分析显示高度唾液酸化的颗粒。 Glycomic analysis of high density lipoprotein shows a highly sialylated particle. |
| 已发布 PubMed:饮食中维生素a摄入量与哺乳期妇女母乳中唾液酸水平之间的关系。 The relationship between dietary vitamin A intake and the levels of sialic acid in the breast milk of lactating women. |
| 已发布 PubMed:超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析牛乳和初乳类乳制品中橙花节苷脂。 Quantitative analysis of gangliosides in bovine milk and colostrum-based dairy products by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| 已发布 PubMed:在肉毒杆菌毒素复合物的ha-33 / ha-17三聚体中发现糖诱导的构象变化。 Sugar-induced conformational change found in the HA-33/HA-17 trimer of the botulinum toxin complex. |
| 已发布 PubMed:lc-ms / ms对正乙酰橙花氨酸定量 LC-MS/MS quantification of N-acetylneuraminic acid, 3至5岁儿童尿液中的n-羟甲基橙花氨酸和脱氧酮 ketodeoxynonulosonic酸水平及其与饮食唾液酸摄入和疾病的潜在关系。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:n-3脂肪酸缺乏型大坝在怀孕和哺乳期间饮食中唾液酸对断奶后幼崽学习能力的影响。 Effects of dietary sialic acid in n-3 fatty acid-deficient dams during pregnancy and lactation on the learning abilities of their pups after weaning. |
| 已发布 PubMed:低剂量暴露于3-chloro-1后大鼠尿液的代谢组学分析 Metabonomic analysis of urine from rats after low-dose exposure to 3-chloro-1,2-丙二醇使用uplc-ms。 2-propanediol using UPLC-MS. |
| 已发布 PubMed:正乙酰橙花氨酸分解代谢 Catabolism of N-acetylneuraminic acid, 食性乳酸菌清酒乳酸杆菌的适应性功能 a fitness function of the food-borne lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus sakei, 涉及两种新鉴定的蛋白质。 involves two newly characterized proteins. |
| 已发布 PubMed:空肠弯曲杆菌st-4526在日本蓬勃发展的分子证据。 Molecular evidence for the thriving of Campylobacter jejuni ST-4526 in Japan. |
| 已发布 PubMed:橙花节苷脂和唾液酸对新生病原菌粘附的影响 Gangliosides and sialic acid effects upon newborn pathogenic bacteria adhesion: 体外研究。 an in vitro study. |
| 已发布 PubMed:荧光法直接估算乳和乳制品中的唾液酸，并将其用于检测乳中的甜乳清掺假。 Direct estimation of sialic acid in milk and milk products by fluorimetry and its application in detection of sweet whey adulteration in milk. |
| 已发布 PubMed:唾液酸含量低的短期鼻内促红细胞生成素给药无毒性或促红细胞生成作用。 Short-term intra-nasal erythropoietin administration with low sialic acid content is without toxicity or erythropoietic effects. |
| 已发布 PubMed:熊果tm300的新型n-乙酰橙花氨酸裂解酶的表征及其在n-乙酰橙花氨酸生产中的应用。 Characterization of a novel N-acetylneuraminate lyase from Staphylococcus carnosus TM300 and its application to N-acetylneuraminic acid production. |
| 已发布 PubMed:α2-8唾液酸四聚体 结构的证据 Evidence for helical structure in a tetramer of α2-8 sialic acid: 揭示结构抗原。 unveiling a structural antigen. |
| 已发布 PubMed:具有正羟基的脊椎动物氨基糖的代谢 Metabolism of vertebrate amino sugars with N-glycolyl groups: 非 唾液酸异种自体抗原正糖基橙花氨酸在胃肠道掺入的潜在机制。 mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal incorporation of the non-human sialic acid xeno-autoantigen N-glycolylneuraminic acid. |
| 已发布 PubMed:唾液酸结合结构域的缺失使蛋白质σ1重定向，以增强针对m细胞的越橘接种。 Loss of sialic acid binding domain redirects protein σ1 to enhance M cell-directed vaccination. |
| 已发布 PubMed:脂多糖α的鉴定与表征 Identification and characterization of a lipopolysaccharide α,2,来自 病原体幽门螺杆菌的3-唾液酸转移酶。 3-sialyltransferase from the human pathogen Helicobacter bizzozeronii. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 南 nanr蛋白协同调节创伤弧菌南 nan基因簇 , 营地受体蛋白 cAMP receptor protein, 和6-乙酰基甘露糖胺。 and N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate. |
| 已发布 PubMed:荨麻（荨麻）油对大鼠实验性结肠炎的影响。 The effect of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) seed oil on experimental colitis in rats. |
| 已发布 PubMed:病原菌只是在寻找食物吗？代谢和微生物发病机理。 Are pathogenic bacteria just looking for food? Metabolism and microbial pathogenesis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:胃肠道消化对 乳和婴儿配方食品中唾液酸和橙花节苷脂的影响 Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on sialic acid and gangliosides present in human milk and infant formulas. |
| 已发布 PubMed:六种新老世界猴子的牛奶中低聚糖的化学特征 Chemical characterization of oligosaccharides in the milk of six species of New and Old World monkeys. |
| 已发布 PubMed:蜂王浆对四氯化碳诱导的毒性和血清唾液酸水平变化的保护潜力。 Protective potential of Royal Jelly against carbon tetrachloride induced-toxicity and changes in the serum sialic acid levels. |
| 已发布 PubMed:唾液酸含量低的促红细胞生成素在急性和亚急性鼻腔给药中没有血液学副作用。 Absence of hematological side effects in acute and subacute nasal dosing of erythropoietin with a low content of sialic acid. |
| 已发布 PubMed:唾液酸参与通过大鼠肠上皮细胞转运血清型c1肉毒杆菌毒素的过程。 Involvement of sialic acid in transport of serotype C1 botulinum toxins through rat intestinal epithelial cells. |
| 已发布 PubMed:糖巨肽组分对胆囊收缩素和食物摄入的影响 Effect of glycomacropeptide fractions on cholecystokinin and food intake. |
| 已发布 PubMed:牛muc1抑制肠细菌与caco-2细胞的结合。 Bovine Muc1 inhibits binding of enteric bacteria to Caco-2 cells. |
| 已发布 PubMed:唾液酸依赖性结合和转导大鼠肠道上皮细胞中的血清型d型肉毒杆菌橙花毒素和毒素复合物。 Sialic acid-dependent binding and transcytosis of serotype D botulinum neurotoxin and toxin complex in rat intestinal epithelial cells. |
| 已发布 PubMed:生物样品和乳制品中唾液酸和橙花节苷脂的测定 Determination of sialic acid and gangliosides in biological samples and dairy products: 回顾。 a review. |
| 已发布 PubMed:被动吸烟与唾液电解质之间关系的评估 Evaluation of the relationship between passive smoking and salivary electrolytes, 蛋白 protein, 分泌性iga secretory IgA, 幼儿唾液酸和淀粉酶。 sialic acid and amylase in young children. |
| 已发布 PubMed:通过体内采样技术获得的 类结肠粘液的分析。 Analyses of human colonic mucus obtained by an in vivo sampling technique. |
| 已发布 PubMed:在健康的年轻成年 中，饮食中硒的摄入与血清唾液酸和代谢综合征特征呈负相关。 Dietary selenium intake is negatively associated with serum sialic acid and metabolic syndrome features in healthy young adults. |
| 已发布 PubMed:黑猩猩中低聚糖的化学表征 Chemical characterization of oligosaccharides in chimpanzee, no黑猩猩 bonobo, 大猩猩 gorilla, 猩猩 orangutan, 和赛曼牛奶或初乳。 and siamang milk or colostrum. |
| 已发布 PubMed:肉毒梭菌血清型d橙花毒素和毒素复合物通过唾液酸与牛主动脉内皮细胞结合。 Clostridium botulinum serotype D neurotoxin and toxin complex bind to bovine aortic endothelial cells via sialic acid. |
| 已发布 PubMed:分析 Analysis of major 蛋白 proteins and 脂肪 fat fractions 关联的 associated with mare's milk 脂肪 fat 小球 globules. |
| 已发布 PubMed:细菌cmp-唾液酸合成酶 Bacterial CMP-sialic acid synthetases: 生产 production, 属性 Properties, 和应用程序。 and applications. |
| 已发布 PubMed:大肠杆菌的基因工程，可经济地生产唾液酸化低聚糖。 Genetic engineering of Escherichia coli for the economical production of sialylated oligosaccharides. |
| 已发布 PubMed:层流条件下肠炎歐洲海濱草肠炎歐洲海濱草生物膜的结构适应性和蛋白质表达模式。 Architectural adaptation and protein expression patterns of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis biofilms under laminar flow conditions. |
| 已发布 PubMed:产气荚膜梭菌纳尼唾液酸酶的结构及其催化中间体。 The structure of Clostridium perfringens NanI sialidase and its catalytic intermediates. |
| 已发布 PubMed:通过微流控芯片和质谱测定的 乳低聚糖的每日变化。 Daily variations in oligosaccharides of human milk determined by microfluidic chips and mass spectrometry. |
| 已发布 PubMed:抗营养因子的新作用 New role of antinutritional factors, 植酸和儿茶素可治疗ccl4中毒。 phytic acid and catechin in the treatment of CCl4 intoxication. |
| 已发布 PubMed:酒废水对绿豆种子生长和萌发的影响 Influence of distillery effluent on germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds. |
| 已发布 PubMed:硫代巴比妥酸和孔雀石绿染料反应检测聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和醋酸纤维素条上电泳的唾液酸化磷酸化κ-酪蛋白糖巨肽。 Detection of sialylated phosphorylated kappa-casein glycomacropeptide electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels and cellulose acetate strips by the thiobarbituric acid and malachite green dye reactions. |
| 已发布 PubMed:灵敏的hplc荧光检测法测定婴儿配方食品的唾液酸含量。 Application of a sensitive fluorometric HPLC assay to determine the sialic acid content of infant formulas. |
| 已发布 PubMed:绞股蓝的消炎和溶酶体稳定作用。在佐剂诱导的节螺藻大鼠中进行了研究。 Anti-inflammatory and lysosomal stability actions of Cleome gynandra L. studied in adjuvant induced arthritic rats. |
| 已发布 PubMed:液相色谱/串联质谱法测定牛乳和婴儿配方食品中橙花节苷脂gd3和gm3。 A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric approach for the determination of gangliosides GD3 and GM3 in bovine milk and infant formulae. |
| 已发布 PubMed:生化骨转换指标之间的关系 Relationships between biochemical bone turnover markers, 季节 season, 和青春期前冈比亚男孩的炎症状态指数。 and inflammatory status indices in prepubertal Gambian boys. |
| 已发布 PubMed:酶合成的新型支链糖醇，是由欧热升麻r-47克隆的支链淀粉水解淀粉酶ii（tva ii）的转糖基化反应介导的。 Efficient enzymatic synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyllactosaminide and 4-methylumbelliferyl sialyl N-acetyllactosaminides employing beta-D-galactosidase and sialyltransferases. |
| 已发布 PubMed:含唾液酸乳蛋白显示独立于唾液酸差异免疫调节活性。 Sialic acid-containing milk proteins show differential immunomodulatory activities independent of sialic acid. |
| 已发布 PubMed:多硫酸唾液酸衍生物作为抗 免疫缺陷 。 Polysulfated sialic acid derivatives as anti-human immunodeficiency virus. |
| 已发布 PubMed:在含有黑大豆（hēidòu）和黄芪（shēnghuángqí）的培养基中发酵的灵芝具有抗肝癌和肝保护的潜力。 Analysis of sialyl oligosaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry with differentiation of alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 sialyl linkages. |
| 已发布 PubMed:烟酸和三氯化铬合用对高脂血症大鼠皮肤和肺的影响 Effects of a combination of niacin and chromium(III)-chloride on the skin and lungs of hyperlipemic rats. |
| 已发布 PubMed:唾液酸代谢和全身巴氏杆菌病。 Sialic Acid metabolism and systemic pasteurellosis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:哺乳期西班牙足月婴儿母亲的乳汁中唾液酸分布 Distribution of sialic acids in the milk of spanish mothers of full term infants during lactation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:鸡蛋卵粘蛋白衍生的糖肽具有结合肠出血性大肠杆菌o157的能力 Glycopeptide derived from hen egg ovomucin has the ability to bind enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:h7。 H7. |
| 已发布 PubMed:用于气相色谱的碳水化合物甲硅烷基化的优化。 Optimization of carbohydrate silylation for gas chromatography. |
| 已发布 PubMed:产前和哺乳初期牛初乳和牛奶中唾液酸低聚糖的浓度 Concentrations of sialyloligosaccharides in bovine colostrum and milk during the prepartum and early lactation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:鸡蛋壳和壳膜的化学成分。 Chemical composition of chicken eggshell and shell membranes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:水牛乳中橙花节苷脂的特征和生物学活性 Characterization and biological activity of gangliosides in buffalo milk. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 从甜乳清中纯化出卡帕卡辛 kappa-casien糖巨肽，并检测不到苯丙氨酸水平。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:山羊乳清乳清中酪蛋白酪蛋白糖巨肽的分离与分析 Isolation and analysis of kappa-casein glycomacropeptide from goat sweet whey. |
| 已发布 PubMed:脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌中低聚寡糖α链长度对其唾液酸化的影响。 Influence of the length of the lipooligosaccharide alpha chain on its sialylation in Neisseria meningitidis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:提出了由于感染而在发烧期间禁食的生物分子理论。 Proposed biomolecular theory of fasting during fevers due to infection. |
| 已发布 PubMed:母乳和婴儿配方食品中唾液酸浓度和分布。 Concentration and distribution of sialic acid in human milk and infant formulas. |
| 已发布 PubMed:早产儿唾液唾液酸纵向研究 A longitudinal study of salivary sialic acid in preterm infants: 母乳喂养婴儿与配方奶喂养婴儿的比较。 Comparison of human milk-fed versus formula-fed infants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:流感流行 Flu epidemic: 镜头 shots, 提供新的治疗方法。 new treatments available. |
| 已发布 PubMed:蔓越莓汁的高分子量成分可抑制幽门螺杆菌对 胃粘液的粘附。 A high molecular mass constituent of cranberry juice inhibits helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric mucus. |
| 已发布 PubMed:酶联凝集吸附剂测定方法的应用，以监测细菌生物膜中多糖组成的变化。 Use of an enzyme-linked lectinsorbent assay to monitor the shift in polysaccharide composition in bacterial biofilms. |
| 已发布 PubMed:牛奶橙花节苷脂成分的变化 Variation of the ganglioside compositions of human milk, cow's milk and 婴儿 infant 公式 式 formulas. |
| 已发布 PubMed:先天性免疫反应与2型糖尿病 The innate immune response and type 2 diabetes: 瘦素与压力相关（急性期）反应有关的证据。 evidence that leptin is associated with a stress-related (acute-phase) reaction. |
| 已发布 PubMed:甜乳清及其级分中的硫代巴比妥酸反应测定唾液酸 Determination of sialic acid by the thiobarbituric acid reaction in sweet whey and its fractions. |
| 已发布 PubMed:血浆唾液酸水平的变化 Changes in the level of sialic acid in plasma, 维生素C和E缺乏时，内生坏血病大鼠的大脑和肝脏。 brain and liver of inherently scorbutic rats during vitamin C and E deficiencies. |
| 已发布 PubMed:婴儿唾液中唾液酸含量 Sialic acid content of infant saliva: 母乳喂养与配方奶喂养婴儿的比较。 comparison of breast fed with formula fed infants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:自由基反应可能参与ldl的脱唾液酸化。 Possible involvement of radical reactions in desialylation of LDL. |
| 已发布 PubMed:减少蛋白质含量和脱唾液酸化牛奶蛋白质的实验性牛奶配方 Experimental milk formulae with reduced protein content and desialylated milk proteins: 对足月新生儿的粪便菌群和生长的影响。 influence on the faecal flora and the growth of term newborn infants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:对基于牛乳的婴儿配方食品中总唾液酸和唾液酸共轭物含量的关键分析。 A critical analysis of total sialic acid and sialoglycoconjugate contents of bovine milk-based infant formulas. |
| 已发布 PubMed:总合成具有唾液酸二聚体le（x）序列的糖基壬基橙花酰胺。 A total synthesis of glycononaosyl ceramide with a sialyl dimeric Le(x) sequence. |
| 已发布 PubMed:定量检测甜奶油和黄油中的乳清奶油。 Quantitative detection of whey cream in sweet cream and butter. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[母乳和婴儿配方食品中的唾液酸]。 [Sialic acid in breast milk and infant formula food]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:在糖基化和肽核长度方面不同的两性调节蛋白高分子量和低分子量形式的表征。有证据表明nh2末端区域对生物活性不是至关重要的。 Characterization of high and low molecular weight forms of amphiregulin that differ in glycosylation and peptide core length. Evidence that the NH2-terminal region is not critical for bioactivity. |
| 已发布 PubMed:母乳喂养和配方喂养的新生儿的胎粪和粪便抑制s纤维化大肠杆菌粘附于上皮细胞 Inhibition of adhesion of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to epithelial cells by meconium and feces of breast-fed and formula-fed newborns: 粘蛋白是主要的抑制成分。 mucins are the major inhibitory component. |
| 已发布 PubMed:13c nmr研究了来自大肠杆菌的cmp-n-乙酰橙花氨酸合成酶的端基特异性。 13C NMR investigation of the anomeric specificity of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli. |
| 已发布 PubMed:抗体对来自越橘和载体的血清中o-乙酰阳性和o-乙酰阴性c型脑膜炎球菌多糖的特异性。 Specificity of antibodies to O-acetyl-positive and O-acetyl-negative group C meningococcal polysaccharides in sera from vaccinees and carriers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:牡蛎血清中霍乱弧菌的凝集发生和特征 Occurrence and characteristics of agglutination of Vibrio cholerae by serum from the eastern oyster, 弗吉尼亚猪笼草。 Crassostrea virginica. |
| 已发布 PubMed:sch 12223对实验诱导的胃和肠损伤的保护作用。 Protective action of SCH 12223 against experimentally induced gastric and intestinal lesions. |
| 已发布 PubMed:硝酸盐与植物产品一起进入 体的毒理学评估 [Toxicologic evaluation of nitrates entering the body with plant products]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:纯化 Purification, 属性 Properties, and 遗传的 基因 genetic 位置 location of 大肠埃希氏菌 Escherichia 大肠杆菌 coli 胞苷 cytidine 5'-monophosphate 正乙酰橙花氨酸 正乙酰 N-acetylneuraminic acid 合成酶 synthetase. |
| 已发布 PubMed:泌乳期间 乳寡糖和糖蛋白中的n-乙酰橙花氨酸浓度 N-acetylneuraminic acid concentrations in human milk oligosaccharides and glycoproteins during lactation. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 内生真菌 孢子菌（氘菌）的不同粘附和 感染。 Differential Adhesion and Infection of Nematodes by the Endoparasitic Fungus Meria coniospora (Deuteromycetes). |
| 已发布 PubMed:摄取 Uptake, 口服和静脉内给药的代谢和排泄 metabolism and excretion of orally and intravenously administered, 小鼠和大鼠中14c和3h标记的正乙酰橙花氨酸混合物。 14C- and 3H-labeled N-acetylneuraminic acid mixture in the mouse and rat. |
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橙花氨酸正酰基衍生物。 n-乙酰橙花氨酸存在于许多多糖中 an n-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. n-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, 糖蛋白 glycoproteins, 和动物和细菌中的糖脂。 （来自dorland dorland , 第二十八版 28th ed, p1518）分离。从鸡蛋 p1518) Isol. from eggs, milk and 初乳 colostrum by by acid or 酶的 enzymic 水解 hydrol. of the 构成 constit. sialo蛋白 proteins and 寡糖 低聚糖 oligosaccharides. 最 Most 丰富 abundant source is the 巢 nest 固井 cementing glyco蛋白 protein of the 中文 Chinese 金丝燕 swiftlet 用过的 used in 鸟巢 鸟类 birds巢 nest 汤 soup
正乙酰橙花氨酸（neuac）或唾液酸是氨基糖橙花氨酸乙酰衍生物。它发生在许多糖蛋白中 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) or sialic acid is an acetyl derivative of the amino sugar neuraminic acid. It occurs in many glycoproteins, 糖脂 glycolipids, 和哺乳动物和细菌中的多糖。最丰富的唾液酸 and polysaccharides in both mammals and bacteria. The most abundant sialic acid, 橙花元 NeuAc, 由n-乙酰化的d-甘露糖胺（甘露糖）或d-葡糖胺（glcnac）在体内合成。橙花元及其激活形式 is synthesized in vivo from N-acetylated D-mannosamine (ManNAc) or D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). NeuAc and its activated form, cmp橙花元 CMP-NeuAc, 在五个连续的反应中被生物合成 are biosynthesized in five consecutive reactions: udp-n-乙酰氨基葡萄糖 UDP-正乙酰 N-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac UDP-glcnac GlcNAc) 正乙酰甘露糖胺 正乙酰 N-acetylmannosamine (甘露酸 ManNAc) 甘露酸 ManNAc 6-phosphate 橙花元 NeuAc 9-phosphate 橙花元 NeuAc cmp橙花元 CMP-NeuAc. cmp橙花元 CMP-NeuAc is 运输 运输 transported 进入 into the 高尔基 Golgi 仪器 apparatus and, 借助特定的唾液酸转移酶 with the aid of specific sialyltransferases, 加入到糖蛋白和糖脂的寡糖链的非还原位置上。橙花元广泛分布于整个 体组织中，并存在于几种液体中 added onto nonreducing positions on oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. NeuAc is widely distributed throughout human tissues and found in several fluids, 包括血清 including serum, 脑脊液 cerebrospinal fluid, 唾液 saliva, 尿 urine, 羊水 amniotic fluid, 和母乳。它在大脑中含量很高 and breast milk. It is found in high levels in the brain, 肾上腺 adrenal glands, and the 心 heart. 血清 Serum and 尿 urine 等级 水平 levels of the 自由 free acid are 高架 elevated in individuals 痛苦 suffering from 肾的 renal 失败 failure. 血清 Serum and 唾液 saliva Neu5Ac 等级 水平 levels are 也 also 高架 elevated in 酒鬼 alcoholics. A 紊乱 disorder known as 萨拉 Salla 疾病 disease or 婴儿的 婴儿 infantile 橙花元 NeuAc storage 疾病 disease is 也 also 特色的 characterized by by 高 high 血清 serum and 尿 urine 等级 水平 levels of 这个 this compound. The NE原始的 negative 收费 charge of is 负责任的 responsible for the 滑 slippery 感觉 feel of 唾液 saliva and 粘蛋白 mucins 涂层 coating the body's organs. 这个 This 特定 particular 唾液酸 sialic acid is known to act as a "诱饵 decoy" for 入侵 invading 病原体 病原 pathogens. 橙花元 NeuAc is 也 also 变得 becoming known as an agent 必要 necessary for 调解 mediating 橙花节苷脂 ganglio侧 side 分配 distribution and 结构 结构体 structures in the 脑 brain. 唾液酸 Sialic acid (sa SA) is an 正乙酰化 正乙酰 N-acetylated 衍生物 derivative of neuraminic acid that is an 丰富 abundant 终奌站 terminal 单糖 monosaccharide of 糖缀合物 glycoconjugates. 正常 Normal 的 human 血清 serum sa SA is 大部分 largely 界 bound to 糖蛋白 glycoproteins or 糖脂 glycolipids (总 Total 唾液酸 sialic acid, tsa TSA, 1.5-2.5 毫摩尔 mmol / l） , 含少量游离sa（1-3 乌莫尔 umol / l）。带负电荷的sa单位可稳定细胞表面受体中的糖蛋白构象，从而增加细胞的刚性。这使得信号识别和对配体的粘附 , 抗体 antibodies, 酶和微生物。 sa残基是糖脂和糖蛋白的碳水化合物链中的抗原决定簇残基 enzymes and microbes. SA residues are antigenic determinant residues in carbohydrate chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins, 组织和体液中的化学信使 chemical messengers in tissue and body fluids, and 可以 may 调节 regulate 肾小球 glomeruli 地下室 basement membrane 渗透性 perme能力 ability. 唾液酸 Sialic acids acids are 结构上 结构的 structurally 独特 unique 九碳 nine-carbon keto 糖类 糖 sugars 占领 occupying the 接口 interface between the 主办 host and 赞美的 commensal or 致病的 病原 pathogenic 微生物 microorganisms. An 重要 important function of 主办 host 唾液酸 sialic acid is to 调节 regulate 先天 innate 免疫 immunity. 唾液酸 Sialic acid is the 部分 moiety 最 most 积极地 actively 回收的 recycled for 新陈代谢 metabolic 目的 purposes in the 打捞 salvage 途径 pathways in 糖鞘脂 glycosphingolipid 代谢 metabolism. 唾液酸 Sialic acid is 必不可少 indispensable for the 橙花原性 neuritogenic 活动 activities of 橙花节苷脂 橙花节苷脂 ganglio侧 sides 成分 组分 构成 constituents which are 独特 unique in that a 唾液酸 sialic acid 直 directly 绑定 捆绑 binds to the 葡萄糖 glucose of the 脑苷 cerebro侧 side, 它们相互串联 they are mutually connected in tandem, 有些位于糖链的内部。唾液酸化（唾液酸与半乳糖相连 and some are located in the internal parts of the sugar chain. Sialylation (sialic acid linked to galactose, 正乙酰半乳糖胺 N-acetylgalactosamine, p210-远离热源/火花/明火/热表面。 ＆mdash; p264-处理后彻底清洗皮肤。p273-避免释放到环境中。p280-戴防护手套/穿防护服/保护眼睛/保护面部。p305 + p351 + p338-如果进入眼睛 or linked to another sialic acid) represents one of the most frequently occurring terminations of the oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The biosynthesis of the various linkages is mediated by the different members of the sialyltransferase family. (PMID: 11425186, 11287396, 12770781, 16624269, 12510390, 15007099)
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