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类别 Category:extraction solvents
美国 US/欧盟 EU/ fda / jecfa / fema / Flavis / 文献 Scholar /专利 Patent :
物理性质 Physical Properties:
| 出现 Appearance: | 无色气体（est） colorless gas (est) |
| 化验 Assay: | 95.00至100.00 95.00 to 100.00
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| 食品化学品法典列表 Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| 沸点 Boiling Point: | -39.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm 汞 Hg (est)
|
| 蒸汽压力 Vapor Pressure: | 4990.000000 毫米汞柱 mm汞 Hg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| 闪点 Flash Point: | -120.00 °F. tcc TCC ( -84.40 °C. ) (est)
|
| logp（o / w） logP (o/w): | 0.770（est） 0.770 (est) |
| 溶于 Soluble in: |
| | 水 water, 257.8°C（最大）767.8 mg / l 767.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
感官特性 Organoleptic Properties:
| 来自其他 的气味和/或风味描述（如果找到）。 Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
化妆品信息 Cosmetic Information:
供应商 Suppliers:
安全信息 Safety Information:
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| 危害识别 Hazards identification |
| |
| 物质或混合物的分类 Classification of the substance or mixture |
| 根据29 cfr 1910（osha hcs）进行ghs分类 GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| ghs标签元素 GHS Label elements, 包括预防性声明 including precautionary statements |
| |
| 象形图 Pictogram | |
| |
| 危险说明 Hazard statement(s) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| 防范说明 Precautionary statement(s) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| 口服/肠胃外毒性 Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
未定 Not determined
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| 皮肤毒性 Dermal Toxicity: |
|
未定 Not determined
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| 吸入毒性 Inhalation Toxicity: |
吸入狗 吸入 inhalation-dog lc LC > 32 pph pph/1H
的 Human & 实验性的 Experimental Toxicology. 卷 Vol. 14, pg。 715 Pg. 715, 1995.
吸入 inhalation-老鼠 mouse lc LC50 1700000 mg/m3/2H
Toksikologicheskii 维斯尼克 Vestnik. 卷 Vol. (3), pg。 25 Pg. 25, 1996.
吸入大鼠 吸入 inhalation-rat lc LC50 1500000 mg/m3/4H
Toksikologicheskii 维斯尼克 Vestnik. 卷 Vol. (3), pg。 25 Pg. 25, 1996.
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使用安全信息 Safety in Use Information:
| 类别 Category: | extraction solvents |
| 推荐1 Recommendation for 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷的使用量高达 2-tetrafluoroethane usage levels up to: | | | 不用于香水。 not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| 推荐1 Recommendation for 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷风味剂的使用量最高可达 2-tetrafluoroethane flavor usage levels up to: |
| | 不用于调味料。 not for flavor use.
|
安全参考 Safety references:
参考资料 References:
| | 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane |
| NIST化学网络书籍 NIST Chemistry WebBook: | 搜索INCHI |
| 加拿大国内分公司。清单 Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 811-97-2 |
| pubchem（cid） Pubchem (cid): | 13129 |
| pubchem（sid） Pubchem (sid): | 134976996 |
其他资料 Other Information:
潜在搅拌机 Potential Blenders and core 组件 components note
潜在用途 Potential Uses:
存在（自然 Occurrence (nature, 餐饮 food, 其他） other): note
| | 自然界中找不到 not found in nature |
同义词 Synonyms:
| | ethane, 1,1,1,2-四氟 2-tetrafluoro- | | | 氟利昂 freon 134a | | | hc HC 134a | | | hcfc Hcfc CFC 134a | | | hfc HFC 134a | | | hfc HFC-134a | | | 氢氟烃 hydrofluorocarbon 134A | | | norflurane | | | 制冷剂 refrigerant 134a | | | 制冷剂 refrigerant R 134a | | | 制冷剂 refrigerant R134a | | 1,1,1,2- | tetrafluorethan |
文章 Articles:
| 已发布 PubMed:吸入皮质类固醇给药后在呼出的 类呼吸中气溶胶氢氟烷烃hfa-134a消除的定量分析。 Quantification of Aerosol Hydrofluoroalkane HFA-134a Elimination in the Exhaled Human Breath Following Inhaled Corticosteroids Administration. |
| 已发布 PubMed:热化学性质焓 Thermochemical Properties Enthalpy, 熵 Entropy, 和碳原子数为1〜4的氟化烃的热容量 and Heat Capacity of C1-C4 Fluorinated Hydrocarbons: 碳氟化合物的可加性。 Fluorocarbon Group Additivity. |
| 已发布 PubMed:对乙酰氨基酚/氢可酮对有症状的不可逆性牙髓炎患者的冷牙髓测试有影响吗？预期的 Does acetaminophen/hydrocodone affect cold pulpal testing in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis? A prospective, 随机的 a randomized, 双盲 double-blind, 安慰剂对照研究。 placebo-controlled study. |
| 已发布 PubMed:下一代制冷剂的环境命运2 Environmental fate of the next generation refrigerant 2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯（hfo-1234yf）。 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf). |
| 已发布 PubMed:影响悬浮液加压定量吸入器空气动力学粒度分布的因素。 Factors influencing aerodynamic particle size distribution of suspension pressurized metered dose inhalers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:lat麻醉 Palatal anesthesia: 减少注射不适的四种技术的比较。 comparison of four techniques for decreasing injection discomfort. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 使用蒸气冷却剂 vapocoolant喷雾剂后皮肤不育。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:cf3ch = ch2（hfo-1243zf）的羟基自由基反应速率系数与温度和ir吸收截面的关系 Hydroxyl radical reaction rate coefficients as a function of temperature and IR absorption cross sections for CF3CH=CH2 (HFO-1243zf), cf3ch2f（hfc-134a）的潜在替代产品。 potential replacement of CF3CH2F (HFC-134a). |
| 已发布 PubMed:r-134a（1 R-134a (1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷）吸入引起的反应性气道功能障碍综合征。 2-Tetrafluoroethane) Inhalation Induced Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome. |
| 已发布 PubMed:吸入性滥用引起的口腔和手指冻伤。 Orofacial and digital frostbite caused by inhalant abuse. |
| 已发布 PubMed:空气中的三氟乙酸及其在hfc-134a降解中的馏分 Airborne trifluoroacetic acid and its fraction from the degradation of HFC-134a in Beijing, 中国。 China. |
| 已发布 PubMed:临床环境中牙髓敏感性测试的评估。 Evaluation of dental pulp sensibility tests in a clinical setting. |
| 已发布 PubMed:木材热解为生物炭 Pyrolysis of wood to biochar: 在保持微孔性的同时提高产量。 increasing yield while maintaining microporosity. |
| 已发布 PubMed:血液和呼出的空气可以用于生物监测氢氟碳化合物的暴露。 Blood and exhaled air can be used for biomonitoring of hydrofluorocarbon exposure. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氯氟烃的估计排放量 Estimated emissions of chlorofluorocarbons, 氢氯氟烃 hydrochlorofluorocarbons, 种间相关方法的珠三角地区碳氢化合物和氢氟烃 and hydrofluorocarbons based on an interspecies correlation method in the Pearl River Delta region, 中国。 China. |
| 已发布 PubMed:顶空气相色谱法同时进行火焰离子化和质谱检测鉴定挥发物。 Identification of volatiles by headspace gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. |
| 已发布 PubMed:牙髓热和电测试的预测值 Predictive values of thermal and electrical dental pulp tests: 临床研究。 a clinical study. |
| 已发布 PubMed:四氟乙烷冷冻手术 Cryosurgery by tetrafluoroethane: 黑牙龈的答案。 An answer to black gums. |
| 已发布 PubMed:后热解液化的电热摆动吸附系统的性能，用于有机气体的捕集和回收。 Performance of an electrothermal swing adsorption system with postdesorption liquefaction for organic gas capture and recovery. |
| 已发布 PubMed:响应面法优化亚临界海带亚临界流体提取海带中类胡萝卜素和叶绿素a的工艺。 Optimization of subcritical fluid extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll a from Laminaria japonica Aresch by response surface methodology. |
| 已发布 PubMed:开发用于海洋样品中多氯联苯的亚临界流体萃取和gc-ms验证方法。 Development of a subcritical fluid extraction and GC-MS validation method for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in marine samples. |
| 已发布 PubMed:儿科静脉导管置入的冷冻治疗局部镇痛药 Cryotherapeutic topical analgesics for pediatric intravenous catheter placement: 冰与蒸气冷却剂 vapocoolant喷雾。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:微晶体和工程微粒的混悬液，用于从加压计量吸入器中均匀有效地递送呼吸治疗药物。 Cosuspensions of microcrystals and engineered microparticles for uniform and efficient delivery of respiratory therapeutics from pressurized metered dose inhalers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1对亚临界流体萃取17-甲基睾丸激素的优化 Optimisation for subcritical fluid extraction of 17-methyltestosterone with 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷用于hplc分析。 2-tetrafluoroethane for HPLC analysis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:使用四氟乙烷和甲苯，然后进行超高效液相色谱/串联质谱分析，快速，简单地提取所选水果和蔬菜中的农药残留。 Fast and simple extraction of pesticide residues in selected fruits and vegetables using tetrafluoroethane and toluene followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. |
| 已发布 PubMed:水产品中甲羟孕酮的亚临界流体萃取和高效液相色谱分析方法的开发和验证。 Development and validation of a subcritical fluid extraction and high performance liquid chromatography assay for medroxyprogesterone in aquatic products. |
| 已发布 PubMed:欧洲移动空调对hfc-1234yf的未来排放和大气状况的影响。 Future emissions and atmospheric fate of HFC-1234yf from mobile air conditioners in Europe. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氢氟烷推进剂中的反向水微乳液及其气溶胶特性 Reverse aqueous microemulsions in hydrofluoroalkane propellants and their aerosol characteristics. |
| 已发布 PubMed:2-氯-1的综合利用 Synthetic utilization of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷。 2-tetrafluoroethane. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 镇静剂局部使用蒸气冷却剂 vapocoolant喷雾剂对无香柳叶菜马匹对香柳叶菜穿刺术和静脉导管插入的反应的影响。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:低温气动和光气动技术增强了亲水分子的角质层渗透和经皮药物输送。 Stratum corneum permeation and percutaneous drug delivery of hydrophilic molecules enhanced by cryopneumatic and photopneumatic technologies. |
| 已发布 PubMed:成 越橘接种过程中镇痛的随机对照试验。 A randomized controlled trial of analgesia during vaccination in adults. |
| 已发布 PubMed:各种载体反复喷洒制冷剂对浆温度变化的影响。 Effect of repeated refrigerant spray applications using various carriers on pulpal temperature change. |
| 已发布 PubMed:用超临界1从室内灰尘中超临界流体萃取多溴联苯醚（pbdes） Supercritical fluid extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from house dust with supercritical 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（r134a）。 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). |
| 已发布 PubMed:估计2017年制冷剂排放量为2 Estimated 2017 refrigerant emissions of 2,3,3,由汽车空调导致的美国三四氟丙烯（hfc-1234yf）。 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf) in the United States resulting from automobile air conditioning. |
| 已发布 PubMed:板层切除术的疗效 Efficacy of lamellar resection, 冷冻疗法 cryotherapy, 和辅助移植治疗犬缘性黑素瘤。 and adjunctive grafting for the treatment of canine limbal melanoma. |
| 已发布 PubMed:用作制冷剂的氢氟碳化合物的 和发育毒性。 Reproductive and developmental toxicity of hydrofluorocarbons used as refrigerants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:液体-空气分配系数为1 Liquid-air partition coefficients of 1,1-二氟乙烷（hfc152a） 1-difluoroethane (HFC152a), 1,1,1-三氟乙烷（hfc143a） 1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a), 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（hfc134a） 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), 1,1,1,2,2-五氟乙烷（hfc125）和1 2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125) and 1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷（hfc245fa）。 3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa). |
| 已发布 PubMed:浆测试的有效性 The validity of pulp testing: 临床研究。 a clinical study. |
| 已发布 PubMed:制冷剂和局部麻醉剂凝胶作为注射前麻醉剂的比较 A comparison of a refrigerant and a topical anesthetic gel as preinjection anesthetics: 临床评估。 a clinical evaluation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:全原子力场，用于预测hfa134a的气液平衡和界面性质。 All-atom force field for the prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria and interfacial properties of HFA134a. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氢氟烷推进剂中的溶剂-溶质相互作用。 Solvent-solute interactions in hydrofluoroalkane propellants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:在装有电介质的等离子体反应器中分解氢氟烃。 Decomposition of hydrofluorocarbons in a dielectric-packed plasma reactor. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[ 滑石和第二种卤素气体的围手术期检测 [Pleural talcage and peroperative detection of a second halogen gas: 小心1 careful to 1,1,1,2四氟乙烷]。 2 tetrafluoroethane]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:高分辨率超声光谱法测定模型和氢氟烷推进剂的参考超声参数。 Determination of reference ultrasound parameters for model and hydrofluoroalkane propellants using high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy. |
| 已发布 PubMed:从乳酸发酵虾粪中单溶剂提取虾青素。 One-solvent extraction of astaxanthin from lactic acid fermented shrimp wastes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:亚临界1中脂肪酶的稳定性和活性 Stability and activity of lipase in subcritical 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（r134a）。 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). |
| 已发布 PubMed:外源性过敏性肺泡炎伴嗜酸性粒细胞浸润1 Extrinsic allergic alveolitis with eosinophil infiltration induced by 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（hfc-134a） 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a): 病例报告。 a case report. |
| 已发布 PubMed:使用冷测试作为牙髓治疗过程中牙髓麻醉的一项措施 Use of the cold test as a measure of pulpal anesthesia during endodontic therapy: 随机的 a randomized, 蒙蔽 blinded, 安慰剂对照的临床试验。 placebo-controlled clinical trial. |
| 已发布 PubMed:四氟乙烷冷冻治疗牙龈黑素色素沉着。 Cryosurgical treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation with tetrafluoroethane. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1的毒物动力学 Toxicokinetics of 1,1,1,实验暴露后的男性志愿者中的2-四氟乙烷（hfc-134a）。 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) in male volunteers after experimental exposure. |
| 已发布 PubMed:hfa134a-水界面的微观和热力学性质 Microscopic and thermodynamic properties of the HFA134a-water interface: 原子计算机模拟和压力下的张力测量。 atomistic computer simulations and tensiometry under pressure. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1的表面活性剂设计 Surfactant design for the 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷-水界面 2-tetrafluoroethane-water interface: 从头算和原位高压张力法。 ab initio calculations and in situ high-pressure tensiometry. |
| 已发布 PubMed:r-134a和r-404a制冷剂喷雾冷却的对比研究 Comparative study of cryogen spray cooling with R-134a and R-404a: 对深色皮肤的激光治疗具有重要意义。 implications for laser treatment of dark human skin. |
| 已发布 PubMed:势方法在预测多组分天然气水合物系统相平衡中的应用 Application of the cell potential method to predict phase equilibria of multicomponent gas hydrate systems. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1的ch拉伸泛音谱 CH-stretching overtone spectroscopy of 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷。 2-tetrafluoroethane. |
| 已发布 PubMed:日本室内和室外空气样本中发现的挥发性有机化合物的调查。 Survey of volatile organic compounds found in indoor and outdoor air samples from Japan. |
| 已发布 PubMed:概述环境危害和氢氟碳化合物（hfcs）的暴露风险。 An overview of environmental hazards and exposure risk of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). |
| 已发布 PubMed:一种使用包合物水合物形成从气体混合物中分离hfc-134a的新方法。 A new method for separating HFC-134a from gas mixtures using clathrate hydrate formation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:通过全面覆盖的修复体进行冷测试。 Cold testing through full-coverage restorations. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[没有fckw的皮质类固醇剂量气雾剂。新技术确保最佳粒径]。 [Corticoid dose aerosol without FCKW. New technology assures optimal particle size]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氢氟碳化合物1的正负离子化学的大气压化学电离研究 An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization study of the positive and negative ion chemistry of the hydrofluorocarbons 1,1-二氟乙烷（hfc-152a）和1 1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) and 1,1,1,大气压下在空气等离子体中的2-四氟乙烷（hfc-134a）和全氟正己烷（fc-72）。 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and of perfluoro-n-hexane (FC-72) in air plasma at atmospheric pressure. |
| 已发布 PubMed:医疗气溶胶推进剂对红外麻醉气体监测仪的干扰。 Medical aerosol propellant interference with infrared anaesthetic gas monitors. |
| 已发布 PubMed:在线高效液相色谱法，用于从加压计量吸入器中定量分析物。 On-line high-performance liquid chromatography method for analyte quantitation from pressurized metered dose inhalers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:磁共振成像在1扩散系数研究中的应用 Application of magnetic resonance imaging to the investigation of the diffusivity of 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷为两种聚合物。 2-tetrafluorethane in two polymers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:喷射时间对制冷剂喷雾冷却过程中传热动力学的影响。 Effect of spurt duration on the heat transfer dynamics during cryogen spray cooling. |
| 已发布 PubMed:冷冻剂喷雾特性在皮肤激光治疗中的实验研究。 Experimental study of cryogen spray properties for application in dermatologic laser surgery. |
| 已发布 PubMed:玻璃毛细管，用于原位粉末X射线衍射缩合的挥发性化合物。固态hcfc-123a和hcfc-124。 A glass capillary cell for in situ powder X-ray diffraction of condensed volatile compounds. Solid HCFC-123a and HCFC-124. |
| 已发布 PubMed:制冷剂喷雾冷却过程中表征 体皮肤除热机理的方法学。 Methodology for characterizing heat removal mechanism in human skin during cryogen spray cooling. |
| 已发布 PubMed:流速和液滴速度对制冷剂喷雾冷却过程中表面热通量的影响。 Effects of mass flow rate and droplet velocity on surface heat flux during cryogen spray cooling. |
| 已发布 PubMed:制冷剂喷雾冷却的动态行为 Dynamic behavior of cryogen spray cooling: 持续时间和喷雾距离的影响。 effects of spurt duration and spray distance. |
| 已发布 PubMed:制冷剂喷雾冷却喷射终止后激光衰减的测量。 Measurements of laser light attenuation following cryogen spray cooling spurt termination. |
| 已发布 PubMed:化学辅助激光烧蚀icp质谱。 Chemically assisted laser ablation ICP mass spectrometry. |
| 已发布 PubMed:［促进肺部药物吸收的制剂］。 [Formulation of advancing products of pulmonary medicine absorption]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:通过不同的聚合物和反射干涉光谱法对混合物中的制冷剂r22和r134a进行定量分析。 Quantification of the refrigerants R22 and R134a in mixtures by means of different polymers and reflectometric interference spectroscopy. |
| 已发布 PubMed:比较二氧化碳与制冷剂喷雾以确定浆的响应性。 Comparison of carbon dioxide versus refrigerant spray to determine pulpal responsiveness. |
| 已发布 PubMed:载体的r-134a排放。 R-134a emissions from vehicles. |
| 已发布 PubMed:估计由冷冻剂喷雾冷却引起的随时间变化的表面热通量的方法。 Methodology for estimation of time-dependent surface heat flux due to cryogen spray cooling. |
| 已发布 PubMed:几种具有不同垫片/保持腔的定量吸入器的计量性能。 Metering performance of several metered-dose inhalers with different spacers/holding chambers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:hcfc-123混合物的肝脏毒性研究（2 Investigations on the liver toxicity of a blend of HCFC-123 (2,2-二氯-1 2-dichloro-1,1,1-三氟乙烷）和hcfc-124（2-氯-1 1-trifluoroethane) and HCFC-124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷）在豚鼠中。 2-tetrafluoroethane) in guinea-pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:反馈控制的冷冻喷雾冷却的激光介导的软骨重塑 Laser-mediated cartilage reshaping with feedback-controlled cryogen spray cooling: 生物物理特性和生存力。 biophysical properties and viability. |
| 已发布 PubMed:分析了制冷剂喷雾冷却过程中的散热以及同时施加气流的影响。 An analysis of heat removal during cryogen spray cooling and effects of simultaneous airflow application. |
| 已发布 PubMed:激光皮肤病学中的冷冻喷雾冷却 Cryogen spray cooling in laser dermatology: 环境湿度和结霜的影响。 effects of ambient humidity and frost formation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:暴露于hfc 134a或cfc 12对大鼠的急性橙花行为影响。 Acute neurobehavioral effects in rats from exposure to HFC 134a or CFC 12. |
| 已发布 PubMed:沙美特罗和氟替卡松丙酸酯吸入气溶胶系统中聚集行为的表征。 Characterisation of the aggregation behaviour in a salmeterol and fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol system. |
| 已发布 PubMed:主动皮肤冷却结合激光皮肤科手术。 Active skin cooling in conjunction with laser dermatologic surgery. |
| 已发布 PubMed:高通量脉冲染料激光辐照时用冷冻剂喷雾冷却进行表皮保护 Epidermal protection with cryogen spray cooling during high fluence pulsed dye laser irradiation: 体外研究。 an ex vivo study. |
| 已发布 PubMed: cfc CFC替代推进剂hfc HFC 134a（1的 类安全性和药代动力学 ,1,1,2-四氟乙烷）和hfc 227（1 2-tetrafluoroethane) and HFC 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-七氟丙烷）。 3-heptafluoropropane) following whole-body exposure. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 基于无cfc CFC吸入器技术的聚苯乙烯微球喷雾标准品。 |
| 已发布 PubMed: 含非氯氟烃的曲安奈德吸入气雾剂对哮喘患者的长期安全性。 azmacort Azmacort hfa研究小组。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:1中亲水性化合物的增溶 Solubilization of hydrophilic compounds in 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷与阳离子表面活性剂 2-tetrafluoroethane with a cationic surfactant |
| 已发布 PubMed:激光组织焊接过程中的冷冻剂喷雾冷却。 Cryogen spray cooling during laser tissue welding. |
| 已发布 PubMed:选定皮肤病的脉冲激光治疗过程中冷冻剂喷雾冷却的安全性。 Safety of cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser treatment of selected dermatoses. |
| 已发布 PubMed:冷冻剂喷雾冷却和更高通量的脉冲染料激光处理可改善口酒污渍的清除率，同时最大程度地减少表皮损伤。 Cryogen spray cooling and higher fluence pulsed dye laser treatment improve port-wine stain clearance while minimizing epidermal damage. |
| 已发布 PubMed:累积剂量反应研究比较了哮喘患者中hfa-134a硫酸沙丁胺醇和常规cfc沙丁胺醇。 Cumulative dose response study comparing HFA-134a albuterol sulfate and conventional CFC albuterol in patients with asthma. |
| 已发布 PubMed:定量吸入阀弹性体与四氟乙烷（p134a）的相容性评估 Compatibility evaluation of metered-dose inhaler valve elastomers with tetrafluoroethane (P134a), 非cfc CFC推进剂。 |
| 已发布 PubMed:表面活性剂在无氯液化气推进剂中的溶解和增溶。 Surfactant dissolution and water solubilization in chlorine-free liquified gas propellants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:总结了从天然基质环境样品中超临界流体萃取多环芳烃的有效性。 Summarizing the effectiveness of supercritical fluid extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from natural matrix environmental samples. |
| 已发布 PubMed:倍氯米松17的计量吸入器配方 Metered-dose inhaler formulations with beclomethasone-17,使用臭氧友好型推进剂r 134a生成21-二丙酸酯。 21-dipropionate using the ozone friendly propellant R 134a. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 体对蓝宝石接触和冷冻剂喷雾冷却的热响应的比较研究。 A comparative study of human skin thermal response to sapphire contact and cryogen spray cooling. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1毫米波频谱的离心畸变分析 Centrifugal Distortion Analysis of the Millimeter-Wave Spectrum of 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷 2-Tetrafluoroethane |
| 已发布 PubMed:四氟乙烷（hfc 134a）推进剂驱动的蛋白质气溶胶。 Tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134A) propellant-driven aerosols of proteins. |
| 已发布 PubMed:吸附性为1 Adsorbability of 1,1,1,在cf4和ccl4中将2-四氟甲烷（hfc134a）置于经等离子体处理的活性炭上 2-Tetrafluoromethane (HFC134a) onto Plasma-Treated Activated Carbon in CF4 and CCl4 |
| 已发布 PubMed:2-氯-1的亚慢性毒性和致畸性 Subchronic toxicity and teratogenicity of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（hcfc-124）。 2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124). |
| 已发布 PubMed:hfa-134a（1 HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷） 2-tetrafluoroethane): 吸入暴露对 性能的影响 effects of inhalation exposure upon reproductive performance, 大鼠的发育和成熟。 development and maturation of rats. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氯氟烃替代品的毒理学。 Toxicology of chlorofluorocarbon replacements. |
| 已发布 PubMed:无cfc定量吸入器的临床评估。 Clinical evaluation of CFC-free metered dose inhalers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:hfa134a的临床药理学。 Clinical pharmacology of HFA134a. |
| 已发布 PubMed:推进剂的安全性。 Safety of propellants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:hfa-134a的毒理学概述（1 An overview of the toxicology of HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷）。 2-tetrafluoroethane). |
| 已发布 PubMed:hfa-134a（1 HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷）;啮齿动物吸入后缺乏致癌性。 2-tetrafluoroethane); lack of oncogenicity in rodents after inhalation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:皮肤对冷冻剂喷雾冷却和脉冲激光辐照的热响应的理论研究 A theoretical study of the thermal response of skin to cryogen spray cooling and pulsed laser irradiation: 对葡萄酒污渍胎记的治疗意义。 implications for treatment of port wine stain birthmarks. |
| 已发布 PubMed:2-氯-1的气体吸收药代动力学和代谢 Gas-uptake pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 2-chloro-1,1,1,大鼠体内的2-四氟乙烷（hcfc-124） 2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) in the rat, 老鼠 mouse, 和仓鼠。 and hamster. |
| 已发布 PubMed:吸入的处置1 Disposition of inhaled 1,1,1,健康受试者和慢性气流受限患者中的2-四氟乙烷（hfa134a）。通过18f标记和全身伽玛计数进行测量。 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA134A) in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic airflow limitation. Measurement by 18F-labeling and whole-body gamma-counting. |
| 已发布 PubMed:gr106642x GR106642X: 一个新的 a new, 吸入器的非消耗臭氧层推进剂。 non-ozone depleting propellant for inhalers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:沙美特罗吸入器，使用非氯化推进剂 Salmeterol inhaler using a non-chlorinated propellant, hfa134a HFA134a: 健康志愿者的全身药效学活性。 systemic pharmacodynamic activity in healthy volunteers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氯氟烃替代品的测定1 Determination of the chlorofluorocarbon substitute 1,1,1, 和动物血液中的2-四氟乙烷（hfa-134a），采用带顶空分析的气相色谱仪。 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-134a) in human and animal blood using gas chromatography with headspace analysis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷 2-Tetrafluoroethane: 重复暴露对大鼠的吸入毒性 repeat exposure inhalation toxicity in the rat, 兔的发育毒性 developmental toxicity in the rabbit, 和体内外遗传毒性。 and genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. |
| 已发布 PubMed:18f标记的hfa-134a的合成和体内处置研究。 Synthesis and in vivo disposition studies of 18F-labeled HFA-134a. |
| 已发布 PubMed:19f nmr光谱动态监测 体吸收 Dynamic monitoring of total-body absorption by 19F NMR spectroscopy: 雄性和雌性大鼠中hfa-134a的通气时间为1 。 one hour ventilation of HFA-134a in male and female rats. |
| 已发布 PubMed:吸入的最低代谢1 The minimal metabolism of inhaled 1,1,1,通过尿液样品的高灵敏度19f核磁共振波谱测定， 体中的2-四氟乙烷转化为三氟乙酸。 2-tetrafluoroethane to trifluoroacetic acid in man as determined by high sensitivity 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine samples. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氢氟碳化合物134a在大气中的降解形成三氟乙酸 Formation of trifluoroacetic acid from the atmospheric degradation of hydrofluorocarbon 134a: 类健康问题？ a human health concern? |
| 已发布 PubMed:氟乙烷氯氟烃（cfc）替代物与微粒体细胞色素p450的相互作用刺激p450活性和氯二氟乙烯代谢。 Interaction of fluoroethane chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) substitutes with microsomal cytochrome P450. Stimulation of P450 activity and chlorodifluoroethene metabolism. |
| 已发布 PubMed:代谢命运与处置1 Metabolic fate and disposition of 1,1,1,吸入单次暴露后的大鼠中的2-四氟乙烷（hfc134a）。 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) in rat following a single exposure by inhalation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:替代哈龙替代品的新陈代谢和药代动力学。 Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of selected halon replacement candidates. |
| 已发布 PubMed:五卤乙烷基氯氟烃替代品和氟烷 Pentahaloethane-based chlorofluorocarbon substitutes and halothane: 体内肝蛋白三氟乙酰化和尿三氟乙酸排泄与激活焓的相关性 correlation of in vivo hepatic protein trifluoroacetylation and urinary trifluoroacetic acid excretion with calculated enthalpies of activation. |
| 已发布 PubMed: 细胞色素p-450 2e1在cfc-替代 substitute 1的 肝微粒体氧化中的主导作用 ,1,1,2-四氟乙烷。 2-tetrafluoroethane. |
| 已发布 PubMed: cfc CFC代用品1的脱氟 ,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane: 类比较 comparison in human, 大鼠和兔子的肝微粒体。 rat and rabbit hepatic microsomes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氢氯氟烃的代谢和毒性 Metabolism and toxicity of hydrochlorofluorocarbons: 当前的知识和对未来的需求。 current knowledge and needs for the future. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1的氧化 Oxidation of 1,1,1,大鼠肝微粒体中的2-四氟乙烷主要被细胞色素p-450iie1催化。 2-tetrafluoroethane in rat liver microsomes is catalyzed primarily by cytochrome P-450IIE1. |
| 已发布 PubMed:氧化脱氟1 Oxidative defluorination of 1,1,1,大鼠肝微粒体中的2-四氟乙烷。 2-tetrafluoroethane by rat liver microsomes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1对大鼠离体肝细胞葡萄糖代谢的调节 Modulation of glucose metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes by 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷。 2-tetrafluoroethane. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1的脱氟 Defluorination of 1,1,1,大鼠肝细胞中的2-四氟乙烷（r-134a）。 2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) by rat hepatocytes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane: 一种中等效力的吸入麻醉剂。 an inhalation anesthetic agent of intermediate potency. |
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