散装甜味剂，具有良好的口味道具。没有被代谢 Bulk sweetener with good taste props. Not metabolised, excreted 不变的 unchanged in 尿 urine. 减 Less 甜 sweet than 蔗糖 sucrose. 采用 Use not 然而 yet 允许的 permitted in 最 most 国家 countries (1997). 鹅肝 GRAS 状态 status for use as a 甜味剂 甜 sweetener, 增稠剂 thickener, 稳定剂 stabiliser, humectant, 食物等 etc. in food
赤藓糖醇（（2r Erythritol ((2R,3s）-丁烷-1 3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-四醇）是一种天然糖醇（一种糖替代品），已获准在美国和世界各地使用。它天然存在于水果和发酵食品中。在工业水平 4-tetraol) is a natural sugar alcohol (a type of sugar substitute) which has been approved for use in the United States and throughout much of the world. It occurs naturally in fruits and fermented foods. At industrial level, 它是通过酵母发酵从葡萄糖中产生的 it is produced from glucose by fermentation with a yeast, 念珠菌花粉。它的甜度是食用糖的60％到70％，但几乎不含热量 Moniliella pollinis. It is 60?70% as sweet as table sugar yet it is almost non-caloric, 不影响血糖 does not affect blood sugar, 不会引起蛀牙 does not cause tooth decay, 被身体吸收 and is absorbed by the body, 因此与其他糖醇不同，它不太可能引起胃部副作用。在美国之下食品药品监督管理局（fda）的标签要求 therefore unlikely to cause gastric side effects unlike other sugar alcohols. Under U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling requirements, 它的热值为0.2卡路里/克（比糖和其他碳水化合物低95％） it has a caloric value of 0.2 calories per gram (95% less than sugar and other carbohydrates), 尽管营养标签因国家而异，但有些国家（如日本）将其标签为零卡路里 though nutritional labelling varies from country to country?some countries like Japan label it as zero-calorie, 而欧盟法规目前将其和所有其他糖醇的标签定为2.4 大卡 kcal / g。赤藓糖醇在自然界中广泛存在，并且已发现在包括葡萄酒在内的多种食品中自然存在 , 清酒 sake, 啤酒 beer, 西瓜 water melon, 梨 pear, n-（c14-18和c16-18-不饱和烷基）三亚甲基二-n-（c14-18和c16-18-不饱和烷基）三亚甲基二胺（c14-c18和（c16-c18不饱和正-（烷基）丙烯二胺-（c14-c18）和（c16-c18）不饱和烷基丙二胺n-（c14-c18）和（c16-c18）不饱和烷基丙二胺牛脂氨基丙胺牛脂三亚甲基二胺 grape and soy sauce. Evidence indicates that erythritol also exists endogenously in the tissues and body fluids of humans and animals. Erythritol is absorbed from the proximal intestine by passive diffusion in a manner similar to that of many low molecular weight organic molecules which do not have associated active transport systems, the 率 rate of 吸收 ab吸附 sorption 存在 being 有关 related to their 分子 molecular size; In the body, 赤藓糖醇被吸收到小肠的血液中 erythritol is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine, 然后大部分时间不经尿液排泄。因为赤藓醇通常在进入大肠之前被吸收 and then for the most part excreted unchanged in the urine. Because erythritol is normally absorbed before it enters the large intestine, 通常，它不会像过量食用其他糖醇（如木糖醇和麦芽糖醇）后常引起的通便一样，并且大多数 会食用赤藓糖醇而没有副作用。这是一个独特的特征 it does not normally cause laxative effects as are often experienced after over-consumption of other sugar alcohols (such as xylitol and maltitol) and most people will consume erythritol with no side effects. This is a unique characteristic, 因为其他糖醇不会以这种方式直接被 体吸收 as other sugar alcohols are not absorbed directly by the body in this manner, 因此更容易引起胃部不适。赤藓糖醇 and consequently are more prone to causing gastric distress.; erythritol, 4碳分子 a 4-carbon molecule, 它比大分子（如甘露醇或葡萄糖）以更快的速度穿过肠膜。在糖尿病患者中 passes through the intestinal membranes at a faster rate than larger molecules such as mannitol or glucose. In diabetics, 赤藓糖醇也已被证明可迅速吸收并在尿液中原样排泄。吸收后 erythritol also has been shown to be rapidly absorbed and excreted unchanged in the urine. Following absorption, 摄入的赤藓糖醇迅速分布在全身，据报道发生在肝细胞中 ingested erythritol is rapidly distributed throughout the body and has been reported to occur in hepatocytes, 胰腺细胞 pancreatic cells, 和血管平滑肌细胞。据报道，赤藓糖醇可以穿过 的胎盘，并从血浆中缓慢进入大脑和脑脊液。 （pmid and vascular smooth muscle cells. Erythritol also has been reported to cross the human placenta and to pass slowly from the plasma into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. (PMID: 9862657, Food and Chemical Toxicology (1998), 36(12), 1139-1174.)
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