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类别 Category:flavor and fragrance agents
美国 US/欧盟 EU/ fda / jecfa / fema / Flavis / 文献 Scholar /专利 Patent :
物理性质 Physical Properties:
| 出现 Appearance: | 白至棕褐色粉末（est） white to tan powder (est) |
| 化验 Assay: | 97.00至100.00 97.00 to 100.00
|
| 食品化学品法典列表 Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| 熔点 Melting Point: | 95.00 to 97.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm 汞 Hg
|
| 沸点 Boiling Point: | 265.00 to 266.00 °C. @ 755.00 mm 汞 Hg
|
| 蒸汽压力 Vapor Pressure: | 0.015000 毫米汞柱 mm汞 Hg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| 闪点 Flash Point: | 269.00 °F. tcc TCC ( 131.67 °C. )
|
| logp（o / w） logP (o/w): | 2.600 |
| 保质期 Shelf Life: | 如果正确存放，则为36.00个月或更长时间。 36.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| 存储 Storage: | 存放在阴凉处 store in cool, 干燥处，密封容器中 dry place in tightly sealed containers, 免受热和光照。 protected from heat and light. |
| 溶于 Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | 水 water, 498 mg / l @ 25°C（实验） 498 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
| 稳定性 Stability: |
| | 头发 hair 喷雾 spray | | | 粉 powder | | | 肥皂 soap |
感官特性 Organoleptic Properties:
| 气味类型 Odor Type: animal |
气味强度 Odor Strength:很高 very high ,
建议在0.10％或更少的溶液中闻到 recommend smelling in a 0.10 % solution or less |
| 实体性 Substantivity:在1.00％的二丙二醇中进行400 400 hour(s) at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol |
| animal fecal naphthyl civet |
气味描述 Odor Description:at 0.10 % in 二丙烯 dipropylene glycol. 非常 very 强大 strong animal fecal indole civet
Luebke, 威廉 William RBC , (1983) |
| 来自的气味样本 Odor sample from: 伯杰公司 Berje Inc. |
| 来自其他 的气味和/或风味描述（如果找到）。 Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| Pell Wall Perfumes |
| 粪臭素1％ Skatole 1% |
气味描述 Odor Description:动物的 Animalic, 暖 warm, 甜 sweet, 过度成熟 过度 over-ripe 果 fruit
arctander描述了这种材料的一些用途 Arctander describes some of the uses of this material: skatole用于香水组合物和 造麝香碱。这种材料的微小痕迹可能只会引入``过早的花朵''的自然音符。或``森林地板''或其他自然分解物 “Skatole is used in perfume compositions and in artificial Civet bases. Minute traces of this material may introduce just that natural note of �overmature flower’ or �forest-floor’ or other natural decomposition matter, 不仅可以忍受香水 which can be not only tolerable to a fragrance, 但有时会使它更具吸引力。 but sometimes make it much more attractive.”
他继续说 He goes on to say that, 在他1960年代后期写作时 at the time of his writing in the late 1960s, ＆ldquo;许多调香师从未使用过粪臭素 “Many perfumers have never used Skatole, 其他 的效果很差。研究香水中一定量的粪臭素的全部和最终效果需要相当大的耐心。该材料似乎在``增长''老化一段时间后 and others have had poor results with it. It takes considerable patience to study the full and final effect of a certain amount of Skatole in a fragrance. The material seems to �grow’ after some time of ageing, 与某些材料相比，它在某些材料上会产生更令 讨厌的气味。粪臭素对檀香木材料具有有趣的作用。 and it produces more obnoxious odors with certain materials than with others. Skatole gives interesting effects with Sandalwood materials.” |
| Prodasynth |
| 粪臭素（> 99％） SKATOLE (> 99%) |
| 气味描述 Odor Description:灵猫 CIVET, 有力的 POTENT, 动物的 Animalic, 顽强 TENACIOUS |
化妆品信息 Cosmetic Information:
供应商 Suppliers:
| Augustus Oils |
| Skatole
|
| 服务 Services |
| Berjé |
| Skatole
|
| 发生在伯杰 Happening at Berje |
| BOC Sciences |
| 仅供实验/研究使用。 For experimental / research use only. |
| 粪臭95％ Skatole 95%
|
| 天津bst公司 BST Tianjin Co. |
| 3-甲基吲哚 3-methylindole
|
| Ernesto Ventós |
| SKATOLE
气味 For Odor: 灵猫 CIVET, 有力的 POTENT, 动物的 Animalic, 顽强 TENACIOUS |
| 外合成 ExtraSynthese |
| 仅供实验/研究使用。 For experimental / research use only. |
| Skatole
|
| Fleurchem |
| skatole
|
| Indukern F&F |
| 斯卡托尔 SCATOL
|
| Lluch Essence |
| SKATOLE
|
| M&U International |
| SKATOLE
|
| Pell Wall Perfumes |
| 粪臭素1％ Skatole 1%
气味 For Odor: 动物的 Animalic, 暖 warm, 甜 sweet, 过度成熟 过度 over-ripe 果 fruit 采用 Use: arctander描述了这种材料的一些用途 Arctander describes some of the uses of this material: skatole用于香水组合物和 造麝香碱。这种材料的微小痕迹可能只会引入``过早的花朵''的自然音符。或``森林地板''或其他自然分解物 “Skatole is used in perfume compositions and in artificial Civet bases. Minute traces of this material may introduce just that natural note of �overmature flower’ or �forest-floor’ or other natural decomposition matter, 不仅可以忍受香水 which can be not only tolerable to a fragrance, 但有时会使它更具吸引力。 but sometimes make it much more attractive.”
他继续说 He goes on to say that, 在他1960年代后期写作时 at the time of his writing in the late 1960s, ＆ldquo;许多调香师从未使用过粪臭素 “Many perfumers have never used Skatole, 其他 的效果很差。研究香水中一定量的粪臭素的全部和最终效果需要相当大的耐心。该材料似乎在``增长''老化一段时间后 and others have had poor results with it. It takes considerable patience to study the full and final effect of a certain amount of Skatole in a fragrance. The material seems to �grow’ after some time of ageing, 与某些材料相比，它在某些材料上会产生更令 讨厌的气味。粪臭素对檀香木材料具有有趣的作用。 and it produces more obnoxious odors with certain materials than with others. Skatole gives interesting effects with Sandalwood materials.” |
| Penta International |
| SKATOLE
|
| PerfumersWorld |
| 粪臭素在dpg DPG中为1％
|
| 香水实验室 Perfumery Laboratory |
| dpg DPG中的粪臭素1％（粪臭素1％）
气味 For Odor: 现实的 A realistic, 强烈的吲哚香气，带有茉莉花香和辛维丁色调。 very strong indole aroma with a floral note of jasmine and a shade of civetin |
| Prodasynth |
| SKATOLE
(> 99%) 气味 For Odor: 灵猫 CIVET, 有力的 POTENT, 动物的 Animalic, 顽强 TENACIOUS |
| R C Treatt & Co Ltd |
| Skatole
|
| Sigma-Aldrich |
| Skatole, ≥98%
|
| 认证食品级产品 Certified Food Grade Products |
| Synerzine |
| Skatole
|
| TCI AMERICA |
| 仅供实验/研究使用。 For experimental / research use only. |
| 3-甲基吲哚> 98.0％（gc） 3-Methylindole >98.0%(GC)
|
| Zanos |
| Skatole
气味 For Odor: 强大的灵猫 Powerful civet |
安全信息 Safety Information:
| 首选SDS Preferred SDS: 视图 View |
| 欧洲信息 European information : |
| 最重要的危害 Most important hazard(s): | | xi-刺激性 Xi - Irritant |
r 36/37/38-刺激眼睛 R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, 呼吸系统 respiratory system, and skin 皮.
S 02 - 保持 Keep out of the 达到 reach of 孩子们 children.
S 20/21 - 什么时候 When 使用 using do not eat, 喝 drink or 抽烟 smoke.
S 22 - do Do not 呼吸 breath dust.
S 24/25 - 避免 Avoid contact with skin 皮 and 眼睛 眼睛 eyes.
S 26 - In 案件 case of contact with 眼睛 眼睛 eyes, 冲洗 rinse 立即 immediately with 充裕 plenty of 水 water and 寻求 seek 医疗 medical advice.
S 36/37/39 - 穿 Wear 适当 suitable 服装 clothing, 手套和眼睛/面部防护。 gloves and eye/face protection.
|
| |
| 危害识别 Hazards identification |
| |
| 物质或混合物的分类 Classification of the substance or mixture |
| 根据29 cfr 1910（osha hcs）进行ghs分类 GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| ghs标签元素 GHS Label elements, 包括预防性声明 including precautionary statements |
| |
| 象形图 Pictogram | |
| |
| 危险说明 Hazard statement(s) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| 防范说明 Precautionary statement(s) |
| 没有找到。 None found. |
| 类经验 Human Experience: |
| 1％溶液 1 % solution: 没有刺激或过敏。 no irritation or sensitization. |
| 口服/肠胃外毒性 Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
口鼠 oral-rat LD50 3450 mg/kg kg
(麦吉 McGee 实验室 Laboratories 公司 Inc., 1974)
腹腔内小鼠 intraperitoneal-老鼠 mouse LD50 175 mg/kg kg
KIDNEY, 输尿管 URETER, 和膀胱 AND BLADDER: 其他变化 OTHER CHANGES
肝 LIVER: 其他变化 OTHER CHANGES
血液 BLOOD: 其他变化 OTHER CHANGES
Food and 化妆品 Cosmetics Toxicology. 卷 Vol. 14, pg。 863 Pg. 863, 1976.
静脉牛 intravenous-牛 cattle ldlo LDLo 60 mg/kg kg
肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 气肿 EMPHYSEMA
肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 慢性肺水肿 CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA
Food and 化妆品 Cosmetics Toxicology. 卷 Vol. 14, pg。 863 Pg. 863, 1976.
口牛 oral-牛 cattle ldlo LDLo 200 mg/kg kg
肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 慢性肺水肿 CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA
肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 气肿 EMPHYSEMA
Food and 化妆品 Cosmetics Toxicology. 卷 Vol. 14, pg。 863 Pg. 863, 1976.
肠外青蛙 parenteral-frog ldlo LDLo 435 mg/kg kg
BEHAVIORAL: 改变的睡眠时间（包括矫正反射改变） ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)
肺 LUNGS, 胸部 THORAX, 或呼吸 OR RESPIRATION: 呼吸的 RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Journal of 药理 Pharmacology and 实验性的 Experimental 疗法 Therapeutics. 卷 Vol. 19, pg。 307 Pg. 307, 1922.
老鼠 oral-老鼠 mouse ldlo LDLo 470 mg/kg kg
Archives of 环境的 环保 Env铁 ironmental 污染 Contamination and Toxicology. 卷 Vol. 14, pg。 111 Pg. 111, 1985.
口鼠 oral-rat LD50 3450 mg/kg kg
Food and 化妆品 Cosmetics Toxicology. 卷 Vol. 14, pg。 863 Pg. 863, 1976.
|
| 皮肤毒性 Dermal Toxicity: |
皮下青蛙 皮下 subcutaneous-frog ldlo LDLo 1000 mg/kg kg
"默克 Merck 指数 Index; an 百科全书 Encyclopedia of 化学药品 Chemicals, 毒品 Drugs, 和生物学 and Biologicals", 第11版。 11th ed., 拉威 Rahway, 新泽西州07065 NJ 07065, 默克公司 Merck & Co., 公司1989卷11 Inc. 1989Vol. 11, pg. 1354 Pg. 1354, 1989.
|
| 吸入毒性 Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
未定 Not determined
|
使用安全信息 Safety in Use Information:
| 类别 Category: | | flavor and fragrance agents |
| IFRA IFRA 码 Code of 实践 Practice 通知 not Notification of the 49th 修正案 Amendment to the IFRA IFRA 码 Code of 实践 Practice |
| 粪臭素使用水平的建议 Recommendation for skatole usage levels up to: | | | 在香料浓缩物中的0.1000％。 0.1000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| 最大化源自调查的每日摄入量（msdi-eu） Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 2.40（微克/ 均/天） 2.40 (μg/capita/day) |
| 最大化源自调查的每日摄入量（msdi-usa） Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.07（微克/ 均/天） 0.07 (μg/capita/day) |
| 结构类 Structure Class: | I |
| 采用 Use 等级 水平 levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring 物质 substances on which the FEMA 专家 Expert 面板 Panel 基于 based its 判断 judgments that the 物质 substances are 通常 基因 generally 公认的 recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The 专家 Expert 面板 Panel 也 also 发表 publishes 分离 sepa率 rate 广泛 extensive 评论 评论 re意见 views of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring 物质 substances and can be 发现 found at FEMA 味道 Flavor Ingredient 图书馆 Library |
| 出版编号 publication number: 3 |
| 单击此处查看出版物3 Click here to view publication 3 |
| | 平均 average 通常 usual 百万分之几 ppm | 平均 average 最大 maximum 百万分之几 ppm |
| 焙烤食品 baked goods: | - | 0.80000 |
| 饮料（不含醇） beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 0.75000 |
| 醇饮料 beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| 早餐麦片 breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| 口香糖 chewing gum: | - | 0.10000 |
| 调味品/调味品 condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| 糖果烧烤 confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| 蛋制品 egg products: | - | - |
| 脂肪/油 fats / oils: | - | - |
| 鱼产品 fish products: | - | - |
| 冷冻乳制品 frozen dairy: | - | 1.00000 |
| 水果冰 fruit ices: | - | 1.00000 |
| 明胶/布丁 gelatins / puddings: | - | 0.01000 |
| 砂糖 granulated sugar: | - | - |
| 肉汁 gravies: | - | - |
| 硬糖 hard candy: | - | 0.78000 |
| 仿乳制品 imitation dairy: | - | - |
| 速溶咖啡/茶 instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| 果酱/果冻 jams / jellies: | - | - |
| 肉制品 meat products: | - | - |
| 奶制品 milk products: | - | - |
| 坚果产品 nut products: | - | - |
| 其他谷物 other grains: | - | - |
| 家禽 poultry: | - | - |
| 加工水果 processed fruits: | - | - |
| 加工蔬菜 processed vegetables: | - | - |
| 重构蔬菜 reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| 调味料 seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| 休闲食品 snack foods: | - | - |
| 软糖 soft candy: | - | - |
| 汤类 soups: | - | - |
| 糖替代品 sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| 甜酱 sweet sauces: | - | - |
安全参考 Safety references:
欧洲食品安全法规（efsa） European Food Safety Athority(efsa):风味使用水平；亚急性 Flavor usage levels; Subacute, 亚慢性 Subchronic, 慢性和致癌性研究；发育/ 毒性研究；遗传毒性研究... Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
|
欧洲食品安全局（efsa EFSA）参考 :
|
食品添加剂科学小组的意见 Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, 调味料 seasonings / flavors, 与调味品组评估有关的与食品接触的加工助剂和材料（afc）24（fge.24） processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 24 (FGE.24): 吡啶 Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and 喹啉 quinoline 衍生品 derivatives from chemical group 28 (佣金 Commission 规 Regulation (ec EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
视图 View page or 视图 View pdf
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吡啶 Pyridine, pyrrole, 化学组的吲哚和喹啉衍生物28调味组评估24 indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28 Flavouring Group Evaluation 24, 修订1-食品添加剂小组的科学意见 Revision 1 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, 调味料 seasonings / flavors, 处理中 Processing 艾滋病 Aids and 材料 材料 Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
视图 View page or 视图 View pdf
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调味组评估77（fge77）[1]-考虑吡啶 Flavouring Group Evaluation 77 (FGE77) [1] - Consideration of Pyridine, 通过jecfa（第六十三次会议）评估与吡啶在结构上相关的吡咯和喹啉衍生物 Pyrrole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to Pyridine, pyrrole, 吲哚 Indole and 喹啉 Quinoline 衍生品 Derivatives 已评估 evaluated by efsa EFSA in ge FGE.24Rev1 (2008)
视图 View page or 视图 View pdf
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调味品组评价的科学意见77 Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 77, 版本2（fge.77rev2） Revision 2 (FGE.77Rev2): 考虑吡啶 Consideration of Pyridine, 通过jecfa（第六十三次会议）评估与吡啶在结构上相关的吡咯和喹啉衍生物 Pyrrole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to Pyridine, pyrrole, 吲哚 Indole and 喹啉 Quinoline 衍生品 Derivatives 已评估 evaluated by efsa EFSA in ge FGE.24Rev2 (2013)
视图 View page or 视图 View pdf
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安全 Safety and 功效 efficacy of pyridine and pyrrole 衍生品 derivatives 归属 belonging to chemical group 28 什么时候 when 用过的 used as 调味料 seasonings / flavors for all animal 种类 species
视图 View page or 视图 View pdf
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调味品组评价的科学意见77 Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 77, 版本3（fge.77rev3） revision 3 (FGE.77Rev3): 考虑吡啶 Consideration of Pyridine, 通过jecfa（第六十三次会议）评估与吡啶在结构上相关的吡咯和喹啉衍生物 Pyrrole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and 喹啉 quinoline 衍生品 derivatives 已评估 evaluated by efsa EFSA in ge FGE.24Rev2
视图 View page or 视图 View pdf
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| Epi系统 EPI System: 视图 View |
| 每日医学 Daily Med:search |
| nlm NLM有害物质数据库 :搜索 Search |
| 化学致癌研究信息系统 Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:搜索 Search |
| 癌症引文 Cancer Citations:搜索 Search |
| 毒理学引文 Toxicology Citations:搜索 Search |
| 环境诱变信息中央 Env. Mutagen Info. Center:搜索 Search |
| 橙花发育和 毒性 NLM Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity:搜索 Search |
| EPA物质注册服务（tsca TSCA） :83-34-1 |
| EPA ACToR:毒理学资料 Toxicology Data |
| EPA物质注册服务（SRS） :注册表 Registry |
| 实验室化学安全摘要 Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6736 |
| 国家过敏和传染病研究所 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| 明智的 WISER:联合国3335 UN 3335 |
| 德国wgk WGK Germany:2 |
| 3-methyl-1H-indole |
| chemidplus Chemidplus:0000083341 |
| 技术 technology:适用于CAS＃83-34-1的nm0350000 NM0350000 for cas# 83-34-1 |
参考资料 References:
其他资料 Other Information:
潜在搅拌机 Potential Blenders and core 组件 components note
潜在用途 Potential Uses:
存在（自然 Occurrence (nature, food, 其他） other): note
同义词 Synonyms:
| 3- | methyl indole | | beta- | methyl indole | | 3- | methyl-1H-indole | | 3- | methyl-4,5-benzopyrrole | | 3- | methylindole | | beta- | methylindole | | | 斯卡托尔 scatol (Indukern) | | | skatole 1% in etoh ETOH |
文章 Articles:
| Information:Skatole |
| 已发布 PubMed:整个公猪皮下脂肪组织的脂肪酸组成，公猪异味化合物的含量差异很大-一项探索性研究。 Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue from entire male pigs with extremely divergent levels of boar taint compounds - An exploratory study. |
| 已发布 PubMed:受体反式激活对猪肝细胞公猪异味代谢和基因表达的影响 Effects of nuclear receptor transactivation on boar taint metabolism and gene expression in porcine hepatocytes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:非营养性吸附材料作为公猪异味化合物粘合剂的有效性的体外评估。 In vitro assessment of the effectiveness of non-nutritive sorbent materials as binding agents for boar taint compounds. |
| 已发布 PubMed:大规模的全基因组关联和ldla作图研究确定了公猪异味和相关性类固醇的qtls。 Large scale genome-wide association and LDLA mapping study identifies QTLs for boar taint and related sex steroids. |
| 已发布 PubMed:使用寄生生物传感器检测公猪异味。 Boar taint detection using parasitoid biosensors. |
| 已发布 PubMed:fpa结合感官gc-ms鉴别再生水中的有味化合物 Identification of odorous compounds in reclaimed water using FPA combined with sensory GC-MS. |
| 已发布 PubMed:高和低公猪异味的约克郡猪睾丸基因表达模式的研究 Examination of testicular gene expression patterns in Yorkshire pigs with high and low levels of boar taint. |
| 已发布 PubMed:富含不饱和脂肪酸/共轭亚油酸（ufa / cla）的黄油以及常规黄油在储存和诱导氧化过程中气味活性化合物的特征和定量。 Characterization and quantification of odor-active compounds in unsaturated fatty acid/conjugated linoleic acid (UFA/CLA)-enriched butter and in conventional butter during storage and induced oxidation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:[鉴定牛粪中的挥发性有机化合物 [Identification of volatile organic compounds in the manures of cow, 固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用分析猪和鸡 hog and chicken by solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:通过用抗性马铃薯淀粉抑制肠道粪臭素形成，改善公猪和后备母猪猪肉的风味。 Flavor improvement in pork from barrows and gilts via inhibition of intestinal skatole formation with resistant potato starch. |
| 已发布 PubMed:基于定量测量和正交鼻突破阈值，对白胡椒粉（黑胡椒）中产生非典型香气的气味进行表征。 Characterization of odorants causing an atypical aroma in white pepper powder (Piper nigrum L.) based on quantitative measurements and orthonasal breakthrough thresholds. |
| 已发布 PubMed:年龄对四个品种全雄性猪粪臭素和吲哚水平分布的影响 The effect of age on distribution of skatole and indole levels in entire male pigs in four breeds: 约克郡 Yorkshire, 地方种族 Landrace, 汉普郡和杜洛克。 Hampshire and Duroc. |
| 已发布 PubMed:"不典型的 Untypical 老化 aging 异味 off-flavor" in 葡萄酒 wine: 吲哚-3-乙酸和犬尿氨酸潜在降解化合物的合成及其作为2-氨基苯乙酮的前体的评估。 synthesis of potential degradation compounds of indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenine and their evaluation as precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone. |
| 已发布 PubMed:公猪的感官特征和car体特征 Sensory characteristics and carcass traits of boars, 手推车 barrows, 母猪饲喂高蛋白或高蛋白饮食，屠宰量为100或110公斤。 and gilts fed high- or adequate-protein diets and slaughtered at 100 or 110 kilograms. |
| 已发布 PubMed:早熟公猪肉的适口性。 Palatability of prerigor cooked boar meat. |
| 已发布 PubMed:高通量气相色谱-质谱法测定猪脂肪中的公猪异味。 Measurement of boar taint in porcine fat using a high-throughput gas chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol. |
| 已发布 PubMed:稳定的同位素稀释分析-动态顶空-热脱附-气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法快速，无溶剂地定量猪脂肪中的公猪异味。 Fast and solvent-free quantitation of boar taint odorants in pig fat by stable isotope dilution analysis-dynamic headspace-thermal desorption-gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪的粪臭素代谢与睾丸雌激素合成减少有关。 Skatole metabolism in the pigs with reduced testicular oestrogen synthesis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:粪臭素（3-甲基吲哚）对肠出血性大肠杆菌o157的抑制作用 Inhibitory effect of skatole (3-methylindole) on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:h7 atcc 43894生物膜形成是由内源性氧化应激升高介导的。 H7 ATCC 43894 biofilm formation mediated by elevated endogenous oxidative stress. |
| 已发布 PubMed:菊苣（菊苣）和艾草（蒿）的植物性次要类固醇和植物次生代谢产物对猪原代肝细胞中3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶和磺基转移酶2a1基因表达的调控。 Regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and sulphotransferase 2A1 gene expression in primary porcine hepatocytes by selected sex-steroids and plant secondary metabolites from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and wormwood (Artemisia sp.). |
| 已发布 PubMed:消费者对公猪制成的发酵香肠的接受程度不会因各自的信息而分散注意力。 Consumer acceptance of fermented sausages made from boars is not distracted by respective information. |
| 已发布 PubMed:评估通过 的鼻子检测公猪异味的不同加热方法。 Evaluation of different heating methods for the detection of boar taint by means of the human nose. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪腰肉的感官评价 Sensory evaluation of boar loins: 受过训练的 trained 评估者 assessors' 嗅觉的 olfactory 敏锐度 acuity 影响 affects the 知觉 perception of 公猪 boar 污点 taint compounds. |
| 已发布 PubMed:表面增强激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱 Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry: 预测猪肉品质的工具。 a tool to predict pork quality. |
| 已发布 PubMed:野猪异味成分雄烯酮的定量测定 Quantitative determination of the boar taint compounds androstenone, skatole, indole, 野猪（野猪）中的3α-雄烯醇和3β-雄烯醇显示出与色氨酸相关的降解产物极低的水平。 3α-androstenol and 3β-androstenol in wild boars (Sus scrofa) reveals extremely low levels of the tryptophan-related degradation products. |
| 已发布 PubMed:使用寄生性黄蜂进行公猪异味化学物质的阈值检测。 Threshold detection of boar taint chemicals using parasitic wasps. |
| 已发布 PubMed:cyp2e1基因启动子中的单核苷酸多态性影响两个商业duroc杂交杂交公猪的后脂肪中的粪臭素含量。 A single nucleotide polymorphism in the CYP2E1 gene promoter affects skatole content in backfat of boars of two commercial Duroc-sired crossbred populations. |
| 已发布 PubMed:消费者对公猪异味感的接受度研究 Consumer studies on sensory acceptability of boar taint: 回顾。 a review. |
| 已发布 PubMed:玉米加工方法和日粮包含可溶性玉米湿蒸馏酒对牛粪中气味和气体产生的影响 Effects of corn processing method and dietary inclusion of corn wet distillers grains with solubles on odor and gas production in cattle manure. |
| 已发布 PubMed:预测出现公猪异味的可能性 Predicting the likelihood of developing boar taint: 整个公猪的早期身体指标。 early physical indicators in entire male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:汀类药物对3-甲基吲哚诱发的失眠小鼠模型嗅觉功能恢复的影响 Effects of statins on the recovery of olfactory function in a 3-methylindole-induced anosmia mouse model. |
| 已发布 PubMed:谷物类型和补充酶对car体特性的影响 The effect of cereal type and enzyme supplementation on carcass characteristics, 整个公猪中的挥发性脂肪酸，肠道菌群和公猪异味。 volatile fatty acids and intestinal microflora and boar taint in entire male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:二乙基硫醚是一种透明的易燃化合物，带有刺鼻的大蒜味。它的化学式为c4h10s。它是通过用浓硫酸处理乙醇制得的 Determination of the boar taint compound skatole in meat juice by means of stable isotope dilution analysis-direct immersion-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. |
| 已发布 PubMed:通过给猪饲喂菊苣根，可以增加肝脏3β羟类固醇脱氢酶的表达，从而减少雄烯酮在脂肪中的积累。 Feeding dried chicory root to pigs decrease androstenone accumulation in fat by increasing hepatic 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression. |
| 已发布 PubMed:口臭的病因和发病机制的当代观点。 [Contemporary views on etiology and pathogenesis of halitosis]. |
| 已发布 PubMed:公猪对improvac（®）的早期免疫cast割-对公猪异味的影响 Early immunocastration of male pigs with Improvac(®) - effect on boar taint, 激素和 器官。 hormones and reproductive organs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:消费者根据其对雄烯酮的敏感性，可以接受整个雄猪肉以及不同含量的雄烯酮和粪臭素。 Acceptability of entire male pork with various levels of androstenone and skatole by consumers according to their sensitivity to androstenone. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪脂肪组织中公猪异味成分分析方法的综述 Review of analytical methods to measure boar taint compounds in porcine adipose tissue: 需要统一的方法。 the need for harmonised methods. |
| 已发布 PubMed:同时测定公猪异味化合物雄烯酮的参考方法的开发 Development of a candidate reference method for the simultaneous quantitation of the boar taint compounds androstenone, 3α-雄烯醇 3α-androstenol, 3β-雄烯醇 3β-androstenol, skatole, 稳定同位素稀释分析-顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定猪脂肪中的吲哚。 and indole in pig fat by means of stable isotope dilution analysis-headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. |
| 已发布 PubMed:使用寄生生物传感器检测公猪异味。 Boar taint detection using parasitoid biosensors. |
| 已发布 PubMed:干草饮食或不同的高地放牧系统对牛奶挥发性化合物的影响。 Effect of a hay-based diet or different upland grazing systems on milk volatile compounds. |
| 已发布 PubMed:佛兰芒公民对雄烯酮的敏感性 The sensitivity of Flemish citizens to androstenone: 性别的影响 influence of gender, age, 位置和吸烟习惯。 location and smoking habits. |
| 已发布 PubMed:比较加热方法和使用不同组织对猪肉中异常气味（公猪异味）进行感官评估。 Comparison of heating methods and the use of different tissues for sensory assessment of abnormal odours (boar taint) in pig meat. |
| 已发布 PubMed:感官感染的患病率及其关系 Prevalence and relationships of sensory taint, 鲍鱼腰（longissimus dorsi dorsi）脂肪和瘦肉组织中的5α-雄烯酮和粪臭素 , 母猪 gilts, 母猪 gilts, 和来自美国精选屠宰场的公猪。 and boars from selected abattoirs in the United States. |
| 已发布 PubMed:腹腔注射3-甲基吲哚的c57bl6小鼠嗅觉功能与嗅觉橙花元数量的关系 Relationship between olfactory function and olfactory neuronal population in C57BL6 mice injected intraperitoneally with 3-methylindole. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪肝细胞色素p450的性别相关差异 Gender-related differences in cytochrome P450 in porcine liver--implication for activity, 睾丸类固醇的表达和抑制。 expression and inhibition by testicular steroids. |
| 已发布 PubMed:污染对公猪异味的影响。 Influence of soiling on boar taint in boars. |
| 已发布 PubMed:菊苣根（菊苣）对猪肝中异种代谢细胞色素p450酶的体内效应。 In vivo effect of dried chicory root (Cichorium intybus L.) on xenobiotica metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes in porcine liver. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪妊娠x受体的表征 Characterization of porcine pregnane X receptor, 法呢类x受体及其剪接变体。 farnesoid X receptor and their splice variants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:睾丸类固醇存在下的体外细胞色素p450 2e1和2a活性。 In vitro cytochrome P450 2E1 and 2A activities in the presence of testicular steroids. |
| 已发布 PubMed:生化 Biochemical, 营养和遗传对整个公猪公猪异味的影响。 nutritional and genetic effects on boar taint in entire male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:富含不饱和脂肪酸/共轭亚油酸（ufa / cla）的黄油以及常规黄油在储存和诱导氧化过程中气味活性化合物的特征和定量。 Characterization and quantification of odor-active compounds in unsaturated fatty acid/conjugated linoleic acid (UFA/CLA)-enriched butter and in conventional butter during storage and induced oxidation. |
| 已发布 PubMed:腌制是一种改变即食整个雄性猪肉中感官阈值的技术。 Marinating as a technology to shift sensory thresholds in ready-to-eat entire male pork meat. |
| 已发布 PubMed:饲喂富含纤维的可发酵饲料对肉品质的影响，重点是整个公猪和母猪的化学和感官公猪异味。 Effect of feeding fermentable fibre-rich feedstuffs on meat quality with emphasis on chemical and sensory boar taint in entire male and female pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:对公猪异味的感官描述，以及粗制和干制菊苣根（菊苣）和菊粉在雄性和雌性猪中的饲喂效果。 A sensory description of boar taint and the effects of crude and dried chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) and inulin feeding in male and female pork. |
| 已发布 PubMed:刺激对青春期公猪肝细胞色素p4502e1和p4502a肝活性的影响 Effects of hCG stimulation on hepatic activities of cytochromes P4502E1 and P4502A in pubertal male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:细胞色素b5（cyb5a）基因多态性对瑞典猪种群中雄烯酮和粪臭素浓度及性发育的影响 Effect of polymorphism in the porcine cytochrome b5 ( CYB5A) gene on androstenone and skatole concentrations and sexual development in Swedish pig populations. |
| 已发布 PubMed:不同种族 口的口臭 Halitosis among racially diverse populations: 更新。 an update. |
| 已发布 PubMed:促性腺激素释放激素越橘（improvac）对类固醇激素的影响 Effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine (Improvac) on steroid hormones, 整个公猪的公猪异味化合物及其性能。 boar taint compounds and performance in entire male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:粪臭素对CYP2A6蛋白表达的调控 Regulation of CYP2A6 protein expression by skatole, indole, 原代培养猪肝细胞中的睾丸激素和睾丸激素。 and testicular steroids in primary cultured pig hepatocytes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:促性腺激素释放激素越橘的长期效果 Long-term effect of vaccination against gonadotropin-releasing hormone, 使用即兴 using Improvac, 对雄性猪的激素分布和行为的影响。 on hormonal profile and behaviour of male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:睾丸类固醇对猪肝微粒体中细胞色素p450酶催化活性的影响 Effect of testicular steroids on catalytic activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes in porcine liver microsomes. |
| 已发布 PubMed:通过用抗性马铃薯淀粉抑制肠道粪臭素形成，改善公猪和后备母猪猪肉的风味。 Flavor improvement in pork from barrows and gilts via inhibition of intestinal skatole formation with resistant potato starch. |
| 已发布 PubMed:乙酸美仑孕酮对肥育小母牛急性间质性肺炎发生率的影响 Effect of dietary melengestrol acetate on the incidence of acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot heifers. |
| 已发布 PubMed:从放牧反刍动物中分离出的小酸模/羊酸模/红酸模细菌生产吲哚化合物。 Production of indolic compounds by rumen bacteria isolated from grazing ruminants. |
| 已发布 PubMed:剂量对整个雄性猪脂肪和血浆中睾丸类固醇和吲哚类化合物之间关系的影响 Effect of hCG administration on the relationship between testicular steroids and indolic compounds in fat and plasma in entire male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:性的影响 Effects of sex, 重量 weight, 日粮和hcg给药对猪肝脏中的粪臭素和吲哚水平以及猪中细胞色素p4502e1和p4502a6的肝活性的影响。 diet and hCG administration on levels of skatole and indole in the liver and hepatic activities of cytochromes P4502E1 and P4502A6 in pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:公猪异味与青春期的内分泌和解剖学变化有关，但与整个雄性猪的攻击行为无关。 Boar taint is related to endocrine and anatomical changes at puberty but not to aggressive behaviour in entire male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:试验小组对挥发性化合物对以公猪异味分类的猪背脂肪样品中异味发展的影响。 Influence of volatile compounds on the development of off-flavours in pig back fat samples classified with boar taint by a test panel. |
| 已发布 PubMed:基于定量测量和正交鼻突破阈值，对白胡椒粉（黑胡椒）中产生非典型香气的气味进行表征。 Characterization of odorants causing an atypical aroma in white pepper powder (Piper nigrum L.) based on quantitative measurements and orthonasal breakthrough thresholds. |
| 已发布 PubMed:整个雄性猪脂肪组织中的游离雌酮及其与雄烯酮和粪臭素的关系。 Free oestrone in adipose tissue and its relation to androstenone and skatole in entire male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:马铃薯淀粉抗性对猪生产单位粪便气味释放的影响 Effects of resistant potato starch on odor emission from feces in Swine production units. |
| 已发布 PubMed:年龄对四个品种全雄性猪粪臭素和吲哚水平分布的影响 The effect of age on distribution of skatole and indole levels in entire male pigs in four breeds: 约克郡 Yorkshire, 地方种族 Landrace, 汉普郡和杜洛克。 Hampshire and Duroc. |
| 已发布 PubMed:去势对干腌火腿食用质量的影响。 The effects of castration on the eating quality of dry-cured ham. |
| 已发布 PubMed:"不典型的 Untypical 老化 aging 异味 off-flavor" in 葡萄酒 wine: 吲哚-3-乙酸和犬尿氨酸潜在降解化合物的合成及其作为2-氨基苯乙酮的前体的评估。 synthesis of potential degradation compounds of indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenine and their evaluation as precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone. |
| 已发布 PubMed:消费者感官评估小组评估影响整个公猪公猪异味水平的因素。 Factors affecting the level of boar taint in entire male pigs as assessed by consumer sensory panel. |
| 已发布 PubMed:南非不同消费群体对野猪气味的反应。 Reaction to boar odour by different South African consumer groups. |
| 已发布 PubMed:4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-酮在公猪异味中的作用 Role of 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one in boar taint: 猪脂肪中与感官指标有关的新化合物的鉴定。 identification of new compounds related to sensorial descriptors in pig fat. |
| 已发布 PubMed:与粪臭素和雄烯酮的感知有关的时间方面 Temporal aspects related to the perception of skatole and androstenone, 主要的公猪气味化合物。 the major boar odour compounds. |
| 已发布 PubMed:艾伯塔省南部饲养场牛的急性间质性肺炎的特征。 Characterization of acute interstitial pneumonia in cattle in southern Alberta feedyards. |
| 已发布 PubMed:醛氧化酶在猪体内3-甲基吲哚肝代谢中的作用 Role of aldehyde oxidase in the hepatic in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole in pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:选择猪中的公猪异味作为有效瘦肉率的组成部分。 Boar taint in pigs selected for components of efficient lean growth rate. |
| 已发布 PubMed:雄性猪中雄烯酮和粪臭素的代谢关系 Relationship between metabolism of androstenone and skatole in intact male pigs. |
| 已发布 PubMed:酸美仑孕酮对3-甲基吲哚诱发的绵羊肺水肿和肺气肿的影响 Effect of melengestrol acetate on development of 3-methylindole-induced pulmonary edema and emphysema in sheep. |
| 已发布 PubMed:The 测量 测量 measurement of the 回应 响应 responses to 不同 different 气味 odour 强度 intensities of 野猪 `公猪 boar 污点 taint' 使用 using a 感官 sensory panel and an 电子 electronic 鼻子 nose. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪粪臭素的氧化和结合代谢与脂肪中粪臭素浓度的关系 Relationship between oxidation and conjugation metabolism of skatole in pig liver and concentrations of skatole in fat. |
| 已发布 PubMed:公猪的感官特征和car体特征 Sensory characteristics and carcass traits of boars, 手推车 barrows, 母猪饲喂高蛋白或高蛋白饮食，屠宰量为100或110公斤。 and gilts fed high- or adequate-protein diets and slaughtered at 100 or 110 kilograms. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪肉的异味问题iii。猪肉脂肪的气味特征与雄烯酮之间的相互关系 The problem of taint in pork-III. Odour profile of pork fat and the interrelationships between androstenone, 粪臭素和吲哚浓度。 skatole and indole concentrations. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪肉中的异味问题粪臭素的影响 The problem of taint in pork-II. The influence of skatole, 雄烯酮和吲哚 androstenone and indole, 在模型脂质基质中单独或组合呈现 Presented individually and in combination in a model lipid base, 对气味的感知。 on odour perception. |
| 已发布 PubMed:猪肉的异味问题 The problem of taint in pork: 1.模型系统中雄烯酮和粪臭素的检测阈值和气味特征。 1. Detection thresholds and odour profiles of androstenone and skatole in a model system. |
| 已发布 PubMed:公猪异味的品种差异 Breed differences in boar taint: 组织水平公猪异味成分与异味感官分析之间的关系。 relationship between tissue levels boar taint compounds and sensory analysis of taint. |
| 已发布 PubMed:早熟公猪肉的适口性。 Palatability of prerigor cooked boar meat. |
| 已发布 PubMed:铁对大鼠肝细胞培养物中自由基的锌抑制作用 Zinc suppression of free radicals induced in cultures of rat hepatocytes by iron, 叔丁基过氧化氢 t-butyl hydroperoxide, 和3-甲基吲哚。 and 3-methylindole. |
| 已发布 PubMed:拉西洛德可减少3-甲基吲哚的产生并预防急性牛肺水肿和肺气肿。 Reduction of 3-methylindole production and prevention of acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema with lasalocid. |
| 已发布 PubMed:莫能菌素抑制3-甲基吲哚生成的持续时间。 Duration of inhibition of 3-methylindole production by monensin. |
| 已发布 PubMed:口腔恶臭的产生和起源 Production and origin of oral malodor: 回顾分析机制和方法。 a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. |
| 已发布 PubMed:会合蝇的引诱剂。鉴定hip状眼gna（双翅目）引诱剂和包衣引诱剂 Attractants for synanthropic flies. Identification of attractants and coattractants for Hippelates eye gnats (Diptera: 叶绿体）。 Chloropidae). |
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未cast割公猪肉制品中公猪异味的主要贡献者。调味成分 A major contributor to boar taint in meat products from uncastrated male pigs. Flavouring ingredient
它是吸引各种兰花蜂雄性的许多化合物之一 It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, 谁显然收集了化学物质以合成信息素；它通常被用作吸引和收集这些蜜蜂进行研究的诱饵。粪臭素为白结晶或细粉固体 who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.; Skatole can be found as a white crystalline or fine powder solid, 腰果是全世界零食和烹饪的流行选择。一份腰果可以提供建议的每日镁摄入量的近四分之一，这对您的骨骼有益，并有助于将我们吃的食物转化为能量。腰果中的营养成分也可能有助于皮肤中胶原蛋白的形成。 and it browns upon aging. It is nitrogenous and one of the rings is a pyrrole. It is soluble in alcohol and benzene and it gives a violet color in potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6�3H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Skatole has a double ring system which displays aromaticity. It is continuous (all atoms in the ring are sp� hybridized), 平面的 planar, 并遵循4n + 2规则，因为它有10个？电子。它可以通过由emil fischer开发的菲舍尔吲哚合成法合成。粪臭素为白结晶或细粉固体 and follows the 4n+2 rule because it has 10 ? electrons. It can be synthesized through a Fischer indole synthesis which was developed by Emil Fischer.; Skatole can be found as a white crystalline or fine powder solid, and it br拥有 owns br拥有 owns 在上面 upon 老化 aging. it It is 含氮的 氮 nitrogenous and one of the 戒指 rings is a pyrrole. 这个 T他的 his is 大概 probably the 原因 reason it's so 犯规 foul 闻到 闻 smelling. it It is 易溶 soluble in alcohol andbenzene and it 给 gives 紫色 violet 颜色 color in 钾盐 potassium 亚铁氰化物 ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O) and 硫酸 sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Skatole 已 has a 双 double ring system which 显示 displays 芳香性 aromaticity that 来了 comes from the 孤单 lone 对 pair 电子 electrons on the 氮 nitrogen. it It is 连续 continuous (all 原子数 atoms in the ring are sp2 hybridized), 平面的 planar, 并遵循4n + 2规则，因为它具有10个pi电子。它可以通过由emil fischer开发的菲舍尔吲哚合成法合成。在1994年由五家顶级卷烟公司发布的报告中 and follows the 4n+2 rule because it has 10 pi electrons. It can be synthesized through a Fischer indole synthesis which was developed by Emil Fischer.In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, 2-双[2-（甲基丙烯酰氧基）乙氧基]乙烷2-（2- [2-（甲基丙烯酰氧基）乙氧基]乙氧基）2-甲基丙烯酸2-乙基-2-甲基-2-丙烯酸2- [2- [2-（2-甲基- 1-氧代丙-2-（烯氧基）乙氧基]乙氧基]乙酯2- [2- [2-（2-（2-甲基丙-2-烯酰氧基）乙氧基]乙氧基]乙基2-甲基丙-2-烯酸酯2- [2- [2-（ 2-甲基丙-2-烯丙氧基）乙氧基]乙氧基]乙基2-甲基丙-2-烯酸酯2- {2- [2-（2-（2-甲基丙-2-烯酰氧基）乙氧基]乙氧基} 2-甲基丙-2-烯酸酯2-丙酸 skatole was listed as one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. It is a flavoring ingredient. Skatole or 3-methylindole is a mildly toxic white crystalline organic compound with chemical formula C9H9N and CAS number 83-34-1. The compound belongs to the indole family and has a methyl substituent in position 3 of the indole ring. It occurs naturally in feces (it is produced from tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract), 甜菜 beets, 和煤焦油 and coal tar, 并且有强烈的粪便气味。在低浓度下，它具有花香的气味，并存在于几种花和精油中 and has a strong fecal odor. In low concentrations it has a flowery smell and is found in several flowers and essential oils, 包括橙花 including those of orange blossoms, 茉莉花 jasmine, 和毛栗甜瓜。它在许多香水中用作香料和固定剂，并用作香气化合物。它的名字来自skato and Ziziphus mauritiana. It is used as a fragrance and fixative in many perfumes and as an aroma compound. Its name is derived from skato, 粪便的希腊语。粪臭素或3-甲基吲哚是属于吲哚类的轻度毒性白结晶有机化合物。它天然存在于粪便中（它是由哺乳动物消化道中的色氨酸产生的） the Greek word for dung.; Skatole or 3-methylindole is a mildly toxic white crystalline organic compound belonging to the indole family. It occurs naturally in feces (it is produced from tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract), 和煤焦油 and coal tar, 并且有强烈的粪便气味。在低浓度下，它具有花香的气味，并存在于几种花和精油中 and has a strong fecal odor. In low concentrations it has a flowery smell and is found in several flowers and essential oils, 包括橙花 including those of orange blossoms, 茉莉花 jasmine, and 芝士 Ziziphus 毛里塔尼亚 mauritiana. it It is 用过的 used as a fragrance and 固定剂 fixative in 许多 many perfumes and as an aroma compound. its it Its name is 派生的 derived from the 希腊语 Greek root 斯卡托 skato- 含义 meaning "粪 dung".
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3D/INCHI