0）.; ;伯脂肪酸酰胺（r-co-nh2）是一类化合物，最近才从生物来源中分离出来并加以表征。关于这些脂质酰胺在生物系统中如何产生和降解的关键问题仍然存在。 （pmid 15282088）； ;脂肪酸酰胺在于与内源性大麻素竞争与酶活性位点的结合，从而增加内源性大麻素的浓度 the principle alkaloid in theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. a xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. it has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. it has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. it was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (from martindale, 额外的药典 the extra pharmacopoeia, 第30版 30th ed, pp1318-9）组成。茶叶（茶花茶） pp1318-9) Constit. of tea leaves (Camellia thea), 可可 cocoa Theobroma cacao, cola 坚果 nut (可乐 Cola acuminata) and 瓜拉那 guarana (保利尼亚 Paullinia cupana); flavouring 成分 ingredient with a bitter 味道 taste 3,fda第173部分-供 类食用的食品中允许的次要直接食品添加剂b子部分-酶制剂和微生物sec。 173.160念珠菌guilliermondii.fda第173部分-供 类食用的食品中允许的次要直接食品添加剂b-酶制剂和微生物sec。 173.165解脂假丝酵母（fda）173部分-供 类食用的食品中允许使用的次要直接食品添加剂c-溶剂 7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, 额外的药典 the extra pharmacopoeia, 第30版 30th ed, pp1318-9）-pubchem;作为甲基黄嘌呤 pp1318-9) -- Pubchem; As a methylated xanthine, 十一碳烯醛十一碳烯醛十一碳烯醛十一碳烯10-en-1-al十一碳烯-10醛十一碳烯醛天然10-十一碳烯-1-al1-十一碳烯醛-10al10-十一碳烯醛10-十一碳烯醛（醛c-11十一碳烯醛）十一碳烯10 bri（十一碳烯醛。）10-十一碳烯醛十一碳烯醛10-十一碳烯醛10-十一碳烯醛十一碳烯醛 theobromine is a potent Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor; this means that it helps prevent the enzyme phosphodiesterase from converting the active cAMP to an inactive form. cAMP works as a second messenger in many hormone- and neurotransmitter-controlled metabolic systems, 如糖原分解。当营地的失活被可可碱等化合物抑制时 such as the breakdown of glycogen. When the inactivation of cAMP is inhibited by a compound such as theobromine, 刺激营地产生的橙花递质或激素的作用寿命更长。最终结果通常是刺激作用。因为它既是心肌兴奋剂又是血管扩张剂 the effects of the neurotransmitter or hormone which stimulated the production of cAMP are much longer lived. The net result is generally a stimulatory effect.; As it is a myocardial stimulant as well as a vasodilator, 它增加了心跳 it increases heartbeat, 但它也会扩张血管 yet it also dilates blood vessels, 导致血压降低。然而 causing a reduced blood pressure. However, 最近发表的一篇论文表明，血压下降可能是由黄烷醇引起的。此外 a recent paper published suggested that the decrease in blood pressure may be caused by flavanols. Furthermore, 它的引流作用使其可用于治疗心力衰竭 its draining effect allows it to be used to treat cardiac failure, 可能是由于过多的积液引起的。即使没有饮食 which can be caused by an excessive accumulation of fluid.; Even without dietary intake, 可可碱可能在 体中发生，因为它是 体内咖啡因代谢的产物，咖啡因在肝脏中代谢为10％可可碱 theobromine may occur in the body as it is a product of the human metabolism of caffeine which is metabolised in the liver into 10% theobromine, 4％茶碱 4% theophylline, 和80％的黄嘌呤。在医学上 and 80% paraxanthine.; In medicine, 它用作利尿剂 it is used as a diuretic, 血管扩张药 vasodilator, 和心肌兴奋剂。前列腺癌和可可碱之间可能存在关联。 -维基百科;它是可可和巧克力中发现的主要生物碱 and myocardial stimulant. There is a possible association between prostate cancer and theobromine. -- Wikipedia; It is the primary alkaloid found in cocoa and chocolate, and is one of the 原因 原因 causes for 巧克力 chocolate's 提升情绪 心情 mood-elevating 效果 影响 effects. The 量 amount 在巧克力中发现 found in chocolate is small 足够 enough that 巧克力 chocolate can be 安全地 safely 已消耗 消耗 consumed by by 类 的 humans in 大 large 数量 quantities, 但是可可碱代谢较慢的动物 but animals that metabolize theobromine more slowly, 例如猫和狗 such as cats and dogs, 容易消耗足够的巧克力以引起巧克力中毒。 -维基百科;可可碱是甲基黄嘌呤家族的一种苦味生物碱 can easily consume enough chocolate to cause chocolate poisoning. -- Wikipedia; Theobromine is a bitter alkaloid of the methylxanthine family, 其中也包括类似的化合物茶碱和咖啡因。尽管它的名字 which also includes the similar compounds theophylline and caffeine. Despite its name, 该化合物不含溴。可可碱衍生自 the compound contains no bromine.Theobromine is derived from Theobroma, 可可树的属 the genus of the cacao tree, 哪一个 which is 组成 composed of the 希腊语 Greek roots theo ("神 God") and broma ("food"), 含义 meaning "food of the gods gods". -- 维基百科 Wikipedia; Theobromine is a 贡献 contribut buting 因子 factor in acid 反流 reflux 因为 be原因 cause it 放松 relaxes the 食道的 esophageal 括约肌 sphincter 肌肉 muscle, 允许胃酸进入食道。 -维基百科;可可碱是一种经常与咖啡因混淆的兴奋剂。可可碱与咖啡因对 体的影响大不相同。可可碱是水不溶性的 allowing stomach acid access to the esophagus. -- Wikipedia; Theobromine is a stimulant frequently confused with caffeine. Theobromine has very different effects on the human body from caffeine; Theobromine is a water insoluble, 结晶的 crystalline, 苦粉颜色已被列为白或无色。它有一个类似的 bitter powder; the colour has been listed as either white or colourless. It has a similar, 但较少 but lesser, 对咖啡因的影响 effect to caffeine, 使它成为一个较小的同源物。可可碱是茶碱和对黄嘌呤的异构体。可可碱被归类为二甲基黄嘌呤 making it a lesser homologue. Theobromine is an isomer of theophylline as well as paraxanthine. Theobromine is categorized as a dimethyl xanthine, 这意味着它是具有两个甲基的黄嘌呤。可可碱 which means it is a xanthine with two methyl groups.; Theobromine, 也称为黄药 also known as xantheose, 是可可植物的苦味生物碱 is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, 在巧克力中发现 found in chocolate, 以及可可碱来源制成的多种无巧克力食品，包括茶树的叶子 as well as in a number of chocolate-free foods made from theobromine sources including the leaves of the tea plant, 可乐或可乐坚果 the kola or cola nut, 和巴西莓[需要引证]。它属于甲基黄嘌呤类化合物 and acai berries[citation needed]. It is in the methylxanthine class of chemical compounds, 其中也包括类似的化合物茶碱和咖啡因。 （在咖啡因中 which also includes the similar compounds theophylline and caffeine. (In caffeine, 唯一的区别是可可碱nh组是n-ch3组。） the only difference is that the NH group of theobromine is an N-CH3 group.) Despite its name, 该化合物不含溴吗？可可碱衍生自 the compound contains no bromine ? theobromine is derived from Theobroma, 可可树属的名称 the name of the genus of the cacao tree, (哪一个 which 本身 itself is 制作 made up of the 希腊语 Greek roots theo ("神 God") and brosi brosi ("food"), 含义 meaning "food of the gods gods") with the 后缀 suffix -ine -ine 给定 given to 生物碱 生物碱 alkaloids and other 基本的 basic 含氮 nitrogen-包含 containing compounds.; 而 While theobromine and caffeine are 类似 similar in that 他们 they are 有关 related 生物碱 生物碱 alkaloids, 可可碱对环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶的抑制作用和对腺苷受体的拮抗作用均较弱。因此 theobromine is weaker in both its inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and its antagonism of adenosine receptors. Therefore, 可可碱对 中枢橙花系统的影响比咖啡因小。然而 theobromine has a lesser impact on the human central nervous system than caffeine. However, 可可碱可更大程度地刺激心脏。[需要引用]可可碱不那么容易上瘾 theobromine stimulates the heart to a greater degree.[citation needed] While theobromine is not as addictive, it 已 has been been 被引 cited as 可能 possibly 引起 ca使用 using 瘾 addiction to 巧克力 chocolate. Theobromine 已 has 也 also been been identified as one of the compounds 贡献 contribut buting to 巧克力 chocolate's 享有盛誉 reputed role as an 春药 aphrodisiac.; it is a 轻度 mild, 具有改善情绪的持久性兴奋剂 lasting stimulant with a mood improving effect, 而咖啡因具有很强的 whereas caffeine has a strong, 立即生效并增加压力。 -维基百科 immediate effect and increases stress. -- Wikipedia